COVID-19, 한국에서의 심리적 영향: 예비 연구
Psychological Impact of COVID-19 in South Korea: A Preliminary Study
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초록
COVID-19의 장기화가 정신 건강에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위해, 본 연구는 2020년 5월 8일부터 13일까지 1,000명의 국내 참가자들을 대상으로 외상성 고통, 예방 행동, 우울, 불안, 자살 위험성 등을 조사하였다. COVID-19의 전후의 심리적 영향을 비교하기 위해 COVID-19 이전 기간(2017년 10월부터 2018년 3월까지) 동안 수집된 257명의 국내 참가자 자료를 활용하였다. 추가적으로 COVID-19 상황에서 실직이나 가계수입 감소와 같은 경제적 위험 요인 및 일상 활동의 유지와 같은 심리적 보호 요인들을 탐색하였다. 27.3%의 참가자들이 경도 수준 이상의 외상성 고통을, 34.2%의 참가자들이 경도 수준 이상의 우울 증상을, 28.8%의 참가자들이 경도 수준 이상의 불안 증상을 COVID- 19기간 동안 나타냈으며, 23.6%의 참가자들이 자살 위험 집단으로 분류되었다. 여성과 20대가 남성 및 다른 연령대의 참가자에 비해 높은 우울, 불안 자살 경향성을 보였다. 본 연구결과를 다른 국가의 연구결과와 비교하였을 때, 국내 참가자들은 외상성 고통 및 불안 증상의수준은 상대적으로 낮게 나타났으며 상대적으로 높은 수준의 우울 증상을 나타냈다. 코로나로 인한 심리적 악영향은 실직이나 수입의 감소 등으로 인해 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 연구의 한계점 및 후속 연구를 위한 제언 등이 논의되었다.
Abstract
To investigate the impact on mental health of the prolonged COVID-19 outbreak, the current study investigated peritraumatic distress, preventive behaviors, and psychological distress (depression, anxiety symptoms, and suicidal risk) among 1,000 Koreans in May 2020 in comparison with the levels of psychological distress reported among 257 Koreans during the periods before COVID-19 in South Korea and with those reported in other countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results indicated that 27.3%, 34.2%, and 28.8% of the participants reported at least mild peritraumatic distress and depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Of the participants, 23.6% were classified in the suicidal risk-positive group. Female participants and those in their 20s showed greater psychological distress than males or other age groups, respectively. Additionally, compared to the results reported from other countries, our results showed overall consistency in levels of psychological distress but relatively low anxiety symptoms and high depressive symptoms. Finally, our analysis indicates that psychological distress was exacerbated by job loss or decline in household incomes due to COVID-19.
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