전산유체역학을 이용한 풍력 터빈 블레이드의 풍력평가
The Aerodynamic force evaluation of Wind turbine blade using CFD
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초록
본 연구에서는 풍력터빈 블레이드에 대한 전산유체해석(CFD)을 수행하였다. 이를 위해서 National RenewableEnergy Laboratory(NREL)에서 수행하였으며, 다양한 실험 및 해석결과가 공개된 실물크기 풍력터빈 블레이드인 NRELPhase VI를 해석대상으로 하였다. 상업용 범용 전산유체해석코드인 ANSYS-CFX와 파라매트릭 3D CAD 모델을 이용하여 해석을 수행하였으며, 실험결과와 비교하여 연구결과의 타당성을 검토하였다. 다양한 난류모델에 대한 비교연구를통하여 Shear Stress Transport(SST) k − ω 난류모델의 정확성을 검증하였으며, 유동의 비정상상태를 최소화하기 위해서0-각도 요(yaw)각을 고려하였다. NREL Phse VI 풍력터빈 블레이드는 2개의 날개를 가졌으며, 비선형 비틀림각과 선형테이퍼가 고려되었다. 풍력터빈 블레이드가 주축에 대해서 회전하기 때문에 상대속도는 스팬에 대해서 비선형의 관계를가진다. 따라서 받음각(angle of attack)을 최소화하기 위해서 비선형 비틀림각이 고려되었다. 해석결과의 3차원 풍력특성을 분석하기 위해서, 각 단면의 압력계수 및 이를 적분하여 풍력계수(수직, 접선, 추력, 회전력)를 계산하였다. 풍력터빈 블레이드의 회전속도는 72 RPM으로 고정한 상태에서 다양한 풍속(5m/s, 7m/s, 10m/s, 13m/s, 15m/s, 20m/s, 25m/s) 상태를 해석하였다. 해석결과와 풍동실험결과는 모든 풍속에 대해서 근사한 수치를 나타냈으며, 높은 풍속에서의 풍하면 박리현상에 대한 정확한 유동특성을 해석할 수 있었다.
Abstract
This paper presents the aerodynamic force evaluation of wind turbine blade. The National Renewable EnergyLaboratory (NREL) Phase VI wind blade profile is used for the analysis. It has comprehensive available wind tunnel testdata that performed by NREL at NASA Ames Research Center. The aerodynamic forces around flow field are evaluatedusing 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The commercial Ansys-CFX and parameterized 3D CAD modelof NREL Phase VI are used for the analyses. The Shear stress transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model and 0-degree yaw anglecondition are adopted for CFD analysis from the comparative studies for various turbulence models . Nonlinear twist angleswere adopted for the effects of nonlinear resultant wind speed. The linearly tapered shape was made by reducing thechord length linearly to the tip region. To find out the 3D aerodynamic effects, sectional pressure coefficient andintegrated forces about primary axis, which are normal, tangent, thrust and torque, are evaluated. 7 wind speed cases(5m/s, 7m/s, 10m/s, 13m/s, 15m/s, 20m/s, 25m/s) with constant blade rotating speed (72 RPM) are considered. Thenumerical difference on wind blade surface between this study's CFD and wind tunnel test are negligible and shown in goodagreement for the all wind speed cases. The massive separation occurred due to the high angle of attack created by the higherwind speed could be analyzed successfully.
참고문헌 (20)
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