남부 유럽의 테크노 포퓰리스트 정당과 당내 민주주의에 대한 비판적 검토: 포데모스와 오성운동의 정당 조직과 정치적 결정과정
Revisiting the Techno-populist Parties and Intra-party Democracy in Southern Europe
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본 연구는 테크노 포퓰리스트 정당의 온라인 참여 플랫폼과 당내 민주주의의 가능성을 비판적으로 검토하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 2010년 이후 스페인과 이탈리아에서 새롭게 등장한 포데모스와 오성운동의 온라인 기반 정당조직과 정치적 결정 과정을 당내 민주주의 차원에서 분석한다. 분석 결과 포데모스와 오성운동 모두 정당조직과 정치적 결정과정 모두에서 미흡한 제도화, 낮은 참여율로 인한 대표성의 문제, 중앙 집중적 의사 결정 등 한계가 나타났다. 결국 온라인 참여 플랫폼에 기반한 새로운 정당 활동이 당내 민주주의를 제고하는 것은 아니며 새로운 정당 모델로서 기능하기 위한 개선방안이 요구된다고 하겠다.
Abstract
This study aims to critically understand whether the online participation platforms of techno-populist parties can enhance the intra-party democracy. To this end, this study analyzes the party organizations and political decision-making processes of the Podemos and Five Star Movement, which have newly emerged in Spain and Italy since 2010, in the context of the intra-party democracy. The study reveals that both the Podemos and the Five Star Movement have limitations such as insufficient institutionalization, problems of representation due to low participation and centralized decision-making process. In the end, online participation platforms do not enhance intra-party democracy of the techno-populist parties and require additional measures to function as a new party model.
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