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유엔 여성차별철폐협약 위원회의 보고체계를 통한 이행 유도 기능 분석: 한국의 성폭력 관련 권고를 중심으로

Study on the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) Reporting System for the Implementation of Domestic Measures related to Sexual Violence

김유미|이주은
한국사회역사학회 (Korean Association Of Socio-Historical Studies)|2021.06|담론201 (Discourse 201)|제24권 제2호|pp. 37-79|DOI 10.17789/discou.2021.24.2.002

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성폭력reporting systemsexual violence여성차별철폐협약국가보고서보고체계최종견해concluding observationConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)state party report
주제분류사회학

초록

유엔 여성차별철폐협약(United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, CEDAW)은 1992년 일반권고 19호 채택 이후 비준국의 성폭력 관련 조치를 감독해왔다. 이 연구는 협약의 공식 감독기구인 여성차별철폐위원회가 핵심적인 이행 유도 수단인 보고체계를 어떻게 활용하여 의무 이행을 촉진하는지 한국을 사례로살펴보았다. 이를 위하여 실효성 평가 기능과 권고 전달 및 후속 조치 점검기능 지표를 설정하고, 정부의 국가보고서(State party reports)와 이에 대한 위원회의 최종견해(Concluding observations)를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 성폭력 관련 조치의 실효성 평가 기능은 제한적이고 비일관적으로 수행된것으로 나타났으나, 권고 이행 여부의 점검 기능은 초기부터 일관적으로수행된 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 후속 점검 기능의 경우 권고의 이행 여부를차기 보고서에 명시하도록 요구하거나 후속 조치에 대한 2년 내 서면 보고를 요청하는 등의 제도적 장치를 도입하며 협약 이행을 촉구해 왔음을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 조약 비준과 의무 이행 간 실증적 평가가 어려운 국제인권 거버넌스의 효과 평가를 위한 지표를 제시하고, 이를 통하여의무 이행을 평가하고 개선 방안을 체계적으로 모색하였다. 또한, 보고체계의 효용성과 한계를 깊이 있게 분석하여 한국의 CEDAW 참여가 공허한 약속(empty promise)에 그치지 않고 실질적인 개선으로 이어지고 있음을 보여주었다.

Abstract

Since General Recommendation No. 19 was adopted in 1992, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) has led to the implementation of domestic measures to address sexual violence. This study investigated how the Committee on the CEDAW (Committee) utilized the reporting system to encourage South Korea to fulfill its obligations. We analyzed state party reports and concluding observations to develop two indicators that measured how effective the implemented measures were and how consistently the government monitored the effectiveness of measures implemented as a result of recommendations. The results indicate that the CEDAW’s requirement that the government evaluate the effectiveness of measures was ineffective given that the Committee had not given a precise standard for how to do so but that the requirement that the government monitor the effectiveness of measures implemented as a result of recommendations had been effective since South Korea joined the CEDAW. This study used a new way to measure the effectiveness of international human rights governance, which is important given that there is little empirical evidence about the effectiveness of any such methods, and showed how compliance can be promoted.

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