태도의 사회적 영향력: 집단의도에 미치는 집단정체감의 효과
Social Influence of Attitude: The Effect of Group Identity on Group Intention
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본 연구는 집단의도의 개념을 새로이 정의하고, 태도이론들과 사회정체감이론들에서 나타난 아이디어들에 기반을 두어 집단의도를 설명해주는 통합적인 모형을 제시하였다. 두 번의 실증적 연구들을 통해 집단정체감이 상호의존적인 문화와 독립적인 문화에서 살고 있는 사람들의 집단의도를 더 잘 설명해 주고 있다는 가설들을 증명하였다. 첫 번째 연구에서 집단정체감은 자기범주화와 감정적 몰입으로 측정하였고, 이 집단정체감은 합리적 행동이론에서 다룬 예측변수들보다 집단의도에 대한 설명력을 훨씬 증가시켜주었다. 이는 미국인들(N=100)에게서 보다 한국인들(N=142)에게서 더욱 크게 나타났다. 두 번째 연구에서 집단정체감은 자기범주화, 감정적 몰입, 그리고 집단 자존감으로 측정하였는데, 이 집단정체감은 계획된 행동이론에서 다룬 예측변수들 보다 집단의도에 대한 설명력을 훨씬 더 증가되었다. 이 또한 미국인들(N=130)에게서 보다 한국인들(N=182)에게서 더욱 크게 나타났다. 본 연구는 상호의존적이고 독립적인 문화지향에서 나타나는 자아구성이 집단의도에 중요한 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 것을 보여주었다. 본 연구는 국가와 국가 사이에서 문화비교를 하였지만 미래연구는 국내에서 자아구성의 차이가 집단의도에 미치는 영향을 측정하고 탐구하는 연구들이 여러 행동분야에서 다양하게 나타날 필요가 있다.
Abstract
The concept of group intentions is defined, and a series of models are used to explain group intentions based on ideas from attitude and social identity theories. Two studies provided support for the proposal that group identification explains group intentions better for people in interdependent-versus independentbased societies. Study1 showed that group identification (measured by self-categorization and attachment) significantly increased the variance explained in group intentions over and above the predictors in the theory of reasoned action, and this occurred to a significantly larger extent for Koreans (N=142) than Americans (N=100). Study 2 also found that group identification (measured by self-categorization, attachment, and collective self-esteem) significantly increased the variance explained in group intentions over and above predictors in the theory of planned behavior, and this again occurred to a significantly larger extent for Koreans(N=182) than Americans(N=130). This paper showed that self-construal as implied in interdependent versus independent cultural orientations can have important effects on decision making. Future research should measure and investigate self-construals directly rather than relying on country of origin as this paper did.
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