서비스 회복 공정성과 고객공감 및 서비스 회복만족, 관계지속의도와의 관계에 관한 연구
Study on Relationship between Recovery Justice,Customers’ Empathy, Recovery Satisfaction and Relationship Continuance Intention
2
조회
0
다운로드
16
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
서비스는 소비와 생산이 동시에 일어나는 특성 때문에 불가피하게 서비스 실패상황이 자주 일어나게 된다. 그럼에도 불구하고 서비스 제공자나 기업측면에서 이에 대한 대응의 미비로 인해 부정적인 이미지를 형성하게 되는 경우가 많다. 따라서 서비스 실패시 고객으로 하여금 어떻게 회복과정에서 그들의 공감을 얻어 서비스회복에 대한 만족을 높이고 지속적으로 긍정적인 관계를 유지해야 하는지에 관심을 가져야만 한다. 본 연구는 서비스 실패 경험이 있는 사람들은 대상으로, 서비스 회복과정에서 고객의 공감을 얻기 위해 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인으로 서비스 회복공정성을 제시하는데 초점을 두고 있다. 구체적인 연구목적은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 서비스 회복공정성과 고객 공감과의 관계를 살펴보고자 하며, 공정성 차원은 분배적 공정성, 절차적 공정성, 상호작용적 공정성 세가지 차원으로 구분하였으며, 공감은 인지적 공감과 감정적 공감 두가지 차원으로 구분하였다. 둘째, 고객공감 즉, 인지적 공감과 감정적 공감과 회복만족과의 관계를 규명하고자 한다. 셋째, 서비스 회복만족과 관계지속의도와의 관계를 살펴보고자 한다. 가설검증을 위해 최근 6개월 이내에 서비스실패를 경험한 고객을 대상으로 설문을 하였으며, 최종 분석에 사용된 설문지는 총 354부이다. Amos 20.0을 이용하여 구조방정식으로 가설을 검증하였다. 그 결과, 서비스 회복공정성 중, 분배적 공정성과 절차적 공정성은 인지적 공감에 유의하게 긍정적인 영향을 미치지 않았다. 반면, 상호작용적 공정성은 인지적 공감에 유의하게 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있었다. 그 외 분배적 공정성과 절차적 공정성, 상호작용적 공정성은 감정적 공감에 유의하게 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있었다. 둘째, 인지적 공감은 회복만족에 유의하게 긍정적인 영향을 미치지 않는 반면, 감정적 공감은 회복만족에 유의하게 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있었다. 셋째, 회복만족은 관계지속의도에 유의하게 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있었다.
Abstract
Since consumption and production happens at the same time in service area, unavoidable service failure occurs often. Nevertheless, in many times, service provider or company gives inadequate responses to make negative images to customers. Therefore, when the company makes service failure, they should take interest how they could arouse customers’ empathy to increase their satisfaction on service recovery in the process so they could maintain constant positive relationship with customers. This paper focuses on providing service recovery justice as the main factor that influences on customers’ empathy in service recovery process with people who experienced service failure as its target. Research aims in detail are as follows; First, research on relationship between service justice and customer empathy. Justice dimensions were classified into three categories, which are distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice, while empathy was classified into two categories, which are cognitive empathy and emotional empathy. Second, research on relationship between customer empathy, in other words, relationship between recovery satisfaction and cognitive and emotional empathy. Third, research on relationship between service recovery satisfaction and relationship continuance intention. For hypothesis verification, we have surveyed customers who experienced service failure within last two months, while 354 surveys among all of collected ones were used in the final analysis. We used structure equation method to analyze hypothesis with Amos 20.0. As the result, in service recovery justice, distributive justice and procedural justice did not give considerable positive influence over cognitive empathy. On the other hand, interactional justice gives significant positive influence to cognitive empathy. Also, distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice give great positive influence to emotional empathy. Secondly, cognitive empathy did not give great influence on recovery satisfaction, while emotional empathy gives significant influence on it. Thirdly, recovery satisfaction gives great influence on relationship continuance intention.
참고문헌 (81)
- 구자경, "대학의 교양강좌를 이용한 공감교육 프로그램이 의사소통 및 인간관계와 치료적 요인 지각에 미치는 효과", 상담학연구, 7(1), pp.11~26 (2006), 한국상담학회
- 김상희, "판매원의 인지적, 정서적 공감이 감정부조화와 친소비자 행동에 미치는 영향", 마케팅연구, 21(2), pp.115~147 (2006), 한국마케팅학회
- 김유경, "서비스 종사자의 유머지향성과 공감능력 및 직무만족, 고객 지향성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구", 소비문화연구, 18(4), pp.101~129 (2015), 한국소비문화학회
- 김혜리, "아동의 인지적·정서적 공감 능력과 사회적 행동 간의 관계", 한국심리학회지: 발달, 26(1), pp.255~275 (2013), 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회
- 박성희, "공감학-어제와 오늘" (2004), 학지사
- 박상일, "서비스회복 과정에서 고객 성별의 효과: 지각된 공정성과 회복성과간 관계를 중심으로", 상품학연구, 30(7), pp.133~147 (2012), 한국상품학회
- 이도화, "조직공정성과 조직구성원 성과 사이의 관계에 대한 성별과 통제위치의 조절효과", 인적자원관리연구, 17(2), pp.121~138 (2010), 한국인적자원관리학회
- 이희경, "역할수용을 통한 역할과 개인의 분리와 공감", 박사, 교육학, pp.1999
- 장해순, "대학생의 자아노출과 공감능력이 스트레스 지각정도 및 대처전략에 미치는 영향", 커뮤니케이션학 연구, 21(3), pp.5~28 (2013), 한국커뮤니케이션학회
- 홍기묵, "청소년의 공감능력과 사회적 유능성과의 관계", 석사, 아동심리치료, pp.2005
- Abrams, M., "Wining and Dining the Whiners", Sales and Marketing Management, pp.73~75 (1993)
- Adams, J., "Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 2", pp.267~299 (1965), Academic Press
- Allison, F. H. Owen-Anderson, "Empathy in Boys with Gender Identity Disorder: A Comparison to Externalizing Clinical Control Boys and Community control Boys and Girls", Child Psychiatry Dev, 39, pp.67~83 (2008)
- Anderson, J. C., "Structural Equation Modeling in Recommended Two-Step Approach", Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), pp.411~423 (1988)
- Andreasen, A. R., "The Frontier of Research in the Consumer Interest" (1988), american Council on Consumer Interests
- Allison F. H., Owen-Anderson, "Customer Satisfaction and Shareholder Value", Journal of Marketing, 68(4), pp.172~185 (2004)
- Bagozzi, R. P., "Marketing as Exchange", Journal of Marketing, 39, pp.32~39 (1975)
- Barlow, J., "A Complaint is a Gift: Using customer Feedback as a Strategic Tool" (1996), Berrett-Koehle Publishers
- Bell, C. R., "Service Breakdown: The Road to Recovery", Management Review, 76, pp.32~35 (1987)
- Berry, L., "Marketing Services: Competing Through Quality" (1991), the Ree Press
- Bitner, M. J., "Evaluating Service Encounters: The Effects of Physical Surroundings and Employee Responses", Journal of Marketing, 54(4), pp.69~82 (1990)
- Bitner, M. J., "Evaluating Service Encounters: The Effects of Physical surroundings and Employee Responses", Journal of Marketing, 54, pp.69~82 (1990)
- Blogett, Jeffrey G., "The Effects of Distributive, Procedural and Interactional Justice on Postcomplaint Behavior", Journal of Retailing, 73(2), pp.185~210 (1997)
- Bolton, R. N., "A Dynamic Model of the Duration of the Customer’s Relationship with a Continuous Service Provider: The Role of Satisfaction", Marketing Science, 17(1), pp.45~46 (1998)
- Brady, Michael K., "Strategies to Offset Performance Failures: The Role of Brand Equity", Journal of Retailing, 84(2), pp.151~164 (2008)
- Brown, R., "Social Psychology" (1986), The Free Press
- Bringing Emotional Intelligence to the Workplace, "Cherniss, C.", Consortium for Research on Emotional Intelligence in Organization, ~ (1998)
- Clemmer, Eizabeth C., "Fair Service", Advances in Services Marketing and Management, 5(2), pp.109~126 (1996)
- Davis, M. H., "A Multidimensional Approach to Individual Differences in Empathy", JSAS Catalog of Selected Document in Psychology, 10, pp.85~103 (1980)
- Deutsch, M., "Equity, Equality, and Need: What Determines, Which Valuer Will Be Used as the Basis of Distributive Justice", Journal of Social Issues, 31(3), pp.137~149 (1975)
- Du, Jiangang, "An Experimental Investigation of The Role of Face in Service Failure and Recovery Encounters", Journal of Consumer Marketing, 27(7), pp.584~593 (2010)
- Duffy, J. A. M., "Banking Customers’ Varied Reactions to Service Recovery Strategies", The International Journal of Bank Marketing, 24(2, pp.3) (2006), 112~132
- Eccles, G., "Complaining Customers, Service Recovery and Continuous Improvement", Managing Service Quality, 8(1), pp.68~ (1998)
- Eisenberg, N., "Empathy and Its Development, Cambridge Studies in Social and Emotional Development", pp.3~13 (1987), Cambridge University Press
- Enright, R. D., "Exploring Forgiveness", pp.46~62 (1998), University of Wisconsin Press
- Escalas, J. E., "Sympathy and Empathy: Emotional Responses to Advertising Drama", Journal of Consumer Research, 29, pp.566~678 (2003)
- Fields, D., "A Comparative Field Study of the Effects of Distributive and Procedural Justice in Hong Kong", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, pp.547~562 (2000)
- Forbes, L. P., "When Something Goes Wrong and No One is Around: Non-Internet Self Service Technology Failure and Recovery", Journal of Service Marketing, 22(4), pp.316~327 (2008)
- Folkes, Valerie S., "Consumer Reactions to Product Failure: An Attributional Approach", Journal of Consumer Research, 10, pp.398~409 (1984)
- Goodwin, C., "Consumer Responses to Service Failures: Influence of Procedural and Interactional Fairness Perception", Journal of Business Research, 25(2), pp.149~163 (1992)
- Gronroos, C., "Service Quality: The Six Criteria of Good Perceived Service Quality", Review of Business, 9, pp.10~13 (1988)
- Hart, C. W., "The Profitable Art of Service Recovery", Harvard Business Review, 68, pp.148~156 (1990)
- Hoffman, D., "Perceived Justice Needs a Recovery Evaluation: A Contingency Approach", European Journal of Marketing, 34(3, pp.4) (2000), 418~429
- Howard, E. J., "Emotional Contagion Effects on Product Attitudes", Journal of Consumer Research, 28(4), pp.189~201 (2001)
- Kenneth J, "Empathy in Boys with Gender Identity Disorder: A Comparison to Externalizing Clinical Control Boys and Community Control Boys and Girls", Child Psychiatry Human Development, 39, pp.67~83 (2008)
- Kau, A. K., "The Effects of Service Recovery on Customer Satisfaction: A Comparison between Complaints and Non-Complaints", Journal of Services Marketing, 20(2), pp.101~111 (2006)
- Keaveney, Susan M., "Customer Switching Behavior in Service Industries: an Exploratory Study", Journal of Marketing, 59, pp.71~82 (1995)
- Kelly, S. W., "Antecedents to Customer Expectations for Service Recovery", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 14(2), pp.509~521 (1994)
- Kelley, "A Typology of Retail Failures and Recoveries", Journal of Retailing, 69(4), pp.429~452 (1993)
- Levesque, T., "Service Problems and Recovery Strategies: An Experiment", Canadian Journal of Administrative Science, 17(1), pp.20~37 (2000)
- Maxham, J. G. Ⅲ, "Modeling Customer Perceptions of Complaint Handling Over Time: The Effects of Perceived Justice on Satisfaction and Intent", Journal of Retailing, 78(1), pp.239~252 (2002)
- McCollough, M. A., "Empirical Investigation of Customer Satisfaction After Service Failure and Recovery", Journal of Service Research, 3(2), pp.121~137 (2000)
- McCullough, M.E., "Forgiveness as Human Strength: Theory, Measurement, and Links to Well-being", Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, pp.43~55 (2000)
- McDougall, G. H. G., "Customer Satisfaction with Services: Putting Perceived Value into the Equation", Journal of Service Marketing, 14(5), pp.392~410 (2000)
- Morgan, R. M., "The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing", Journal of Marketing, 58(3), pp.20~38 (1994)
- Oliver, R., "Advances in Customer Research, Ⅷ" (1980), Association for Consumer Research
- Palmer, A., "Equity and Repurchase Intention Following Service Failure", Journal of Services Marketing, 14(6), pp.513~528 (2000)
- Pfeil, U., "Patterns of Empathy in Online Communication, Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems", Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp.919~928 (2007)
- Richins, M. L., "Negative Word- of- Mouth by Dissatisfied Consumers: a Pilot Study", Journal of Marketing, 47, pp.68~78 (1983)
- Richins, M. L., "The Role of Product Importance in Complaint Initiation", Proceedings of the Conference on Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior (1985), Indiana University Press
- Rogers, R., "Empathic: an Unappreciated Way of Being", The Counseling Psychologist, 5, pp.2~10 (1975)
- Schoefer, K., "The Impact of Perceived Justice on Consumers’ Emotional Responses to Service Complaint Experiences", Journal of Service Marketing, 19(5), pp.263~ (2005)
- Siagian, Yolanda Masnita, "Service Recovery Based on Perceived Justice: A Study on Locus Attribution", International Journal of Business and Management, 10(7), pp.99~109 (2015)
- Singh, J., "Voice, Exit, and Negative Wordof-Mouth Behaviors: an Investigation Across Three Service Categories", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 18, pp.1~15 (1990)
- Siu, Noel Yee-Man, "The Roles of Justice and Customer Satisfaction in Customer Retention: A Lesson from Service Recovery", Journal Business Ethics, 114, pp.675~686 (2013)
- Smith, Amy K., "A Model of Customer Satisfaction with Service Encounters Involving Failure and Recovery", Journal of Marketing, 36(3), pp.356~372 (1991)
- Smith, A. K., "The Effect of Customers’ Emotional Responses to Service Failure on Their Recovery Effort Evaluations and Satisfaction Judgements", Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, 30(1), pp.5~23 (2002)
- Sparks, B. N., "Justice Strategy Options for Increased Customer Satisfaction in a Service Recovery Setting", Journal of Business Research, 54(3), pp.209~218 (2001)
- Stauss, B., "Regaining Service Customers: Costs and Benefits of Regain Management", Journal of Service Research, 1(4), pp.347~361 (1999)
- Stover, L.E., "Face’ and Verbal Analogue of Interaction in Chinese Culture: A Theory of Formalized Social Behavior Based on Participant-Observation of an Upper-class Chinese Household, Together with a Biographical Study of the Primary Informant", Doctor, pp.1962
- Sweeney, P. D., "Process and Outcome: Gender Differences in the Assessment of Justice", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18(1), pp.83~98 (1997)
- Thomas, M. R., "How Do Distress and Well-Being Relate to Medical Student Empathy? A Multicenter Study", 22, pp.177~183 (2007), Society of General Internal Medicine
- Tax, S., "Customer Evaluation of Service Complaint Experiences: Implications for Relationship Marketing", Journal of Marketing, 62, pp.60~76 (1988)
- Teo, Thompson S. H., "The Effects of Perceived Justice on Satisfaction and Behavioral Intentions: The Case of Computer Purchase", International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 29(2), pp.109~124 (2001)
- Thibaut, J., "Procedural Justice: A Psychological Analysis" (1975), Lawrence Erlbaum
- Van Doorn, J., "Critical Incidents and the Impact of Satisfaction on Customer Share", Journal of Marketing, 72(4), pp.123~142 (2008)
- Walster, Elaine, "New Directions in Equity Research", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 25(2), pp.151~176 (1973)
- Worthington, E. L., Jr., "An Empathy-Humility-Commitment Model of Forgiveness Applied Within Family Dyads", Journal of Family Therapy, 20, pp.59~76 (1998)
- Yen, H. R., "The Impact of customer Participation and Service Expectation on Locus Attribution Following Service Failure", International Journal of Service Industry Management, 15(1), pp.7~26 (2004)
- Yu, Guoliang, "Improving Public Service Quality From a Developmental Perspective: Empathy, Attachment, and Gender Differences", Public Personnel Management, 41(5), pp.9~20 (2012)
- Zahn-Waxler, C., "The Origins of Guilt", 36th Annual Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Socio-Emotional Development, pp.183~258 (1990), University of Nebraska Press
