자기개념 위협에 따른 편집성향자들의 주의편향 및 귀인양식에 미치는 영향
Attentional Bias and Attributional Style of People with Paranoid Tendency Threatened to Self-Concept
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초록
본 연구에서는 편집성향자들의 자기개념을 위협했을 때 자기관련 정보처리에서의 편향과 귀인 편향 및 외현적 자기개념을 검증하기 위해 편집성향 집단, 우울성향 집단, 정상통제 집단을 대상으로 실험을 하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 자기개념에 위협을 받은 편집성향 집단이 통제집단에 비해 자기관련 단어에 더 주의편향을 보이며, 과제에서의 실패를 다른 사람에게 귀인하고, 자기기술 평정에서 자신을 긍정적으로 평정할 것이라는 가설을 실험으로 검증하는 것이었다. 연구결과, 편집성향자들이 자기에 대한 위협을 받았을 때는 자기와 관련된 자극에 더욱 민감해지며, 부정적 결과들을 다른 사람에게 귀인하고, 겉으로는 긍정적인 자기개념을 유지한다는 기본 가설이 지지되었다. 또한 이러한 인지적 특성들은 자기에 대한 위협을 받지 않았을 때는 현저하게 감소한다는 가설도 검증되었다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 제한점과 앞으로의 연구방향이 논의되었다.
Abstract
This paper confirmed the cognitive biases of people with paranoid tendencies in either threatening or enhancing self-concept: bias in the information processing relevant to the self, attributional bias, and explicit self-concept. The hypothesis of this study was that, when their self-concepts is threatened, people with paranoid tendencies become sensitive to stimuli related to self, attribute negative events to others, and explicitly perceive themselves positively. The another goal of this study was to demonstrate that such individuals reveal these cognitive biases when their self-concepts are threatened, but in the absence of threat, they reveal these biases to a much lesser degree. Cognitive biases were investigated in three groups of college students: one with paranoid tendencies, one with depressive tendencies, and one normal control group. The students in each category were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group was given positive feedback regarding a disguised IQ test and the other was given negative feedback about the test. The hypothesis was that the paranoid subjects in the group whose self-concept was threatened (i.e., that was given negative feedback) would show more attention bias to words related to self than subjects from the control group, would attribute failure in the task to a partner, and would rate themselves positively in self-descriptive words. Another hypothesis of this study was that the paranoid members of the group in which self-concept was threatened but given positive feedback would show these cognitive biases much less. The results of the experiment supported these hypotheses. These findings are interpreted as consistent with the recent theories that paranoia functions as a defense against low self-esteem and that the paranoid have underlying weak self-concepts and are very sensitive to threats to self. When under threat, they show so external attributional bias that they may preserve their positive self-concept. Implications and limitations of this study were discussed.