-이다' 구문의 통사구조
The Structure of Korean '-ida' Construction
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Abstract
The Linguistic Association of Korea Journal, 12(2), 23-54. There have been several kinds of proposals about what syntactic category Korean '-ida' should be classified: word-level categories (verb, particle or copula) or an affix. This article adopts the assumption that Korean `-ida' is either a syntactic derivational affix or a lexical derivational affix. The syntactic derivational affix '-ida' selects a small clause as its complement. The small clause is composed of subject NP1 and predicate NP2, and NP2 assigns a theta role to NP1. NP2 may be either referential or non-referential. In '-ida' constructions, the subject NP1 is predicated of the referential NP2, differently from what we expect. The NP2 is located in the incomplete argumental position, in which it is not Case-marked, not theta-marked, and exempted from the binding principles. We claim that this is why the syntactic derivational affix '-ida' deprives the referential NP2 of its [+N] feature. After the lexical derivational affix '-ida' is combined with N in the lexicon, the amalgam plays the same role as a predicative adjective. Also, the lexical derivational affix '-ida' combines with NPs with [+state] semantic feature as well as NPs with [-state] semantic features. The [-state] N plus '-ida' (for example, sanchaek-ida) is a stage-level predicate, since it identifies a temporary property of the individual or object in question; the [+state] N plus '-ida' (for examle, choyko-ida) is an individual-level predicate, since it identifies permanent and stable properties of an individual.
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