정체성과 성취 목표 지향성: 개인 정체화와 사회 정체화의 동기 효과
Identity and Achievement Goal Orientations: The Motivational Effects of Personal and Social Identifications
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본 연구에서는 개인정체화와 사회정체화의 구조적 특징을 검토하고, 정체화 요인과 성취목표 지향성간의 상관관계를 검증하고자 하였다. 연구 1에서는 196명의 금융 서비스 분야 근무자가 연구에 참여하였다. 정체화 문항에 대한 요인 분석 결과, 개인정체화와 사회정체화 외에 사회비정체화라고 명명할 수 있는 요인이 관찰되었다. 세 가지 정체화와 성취 목표 지향성과의 상관관계를 검토한 결과, 개인정체화는 두 개의 접근목표 지향성(즉, 숙달접근 목표지향성과 수행접근 목표지향성)과 각각 유의한 정적 상관관계가 있었다. 사회정체화 역시 이 두 가지 접근 목표 지향성과 각각 유의한 정적 상관관계가 있었지만, 숙달접근 목표지향성보다 수행접근 목표지향성과 통계적으로 더 강한 상관계수를 나타냈다. 사회비정체화는 두 개의 회피목표 지향성과 각각 정적인 상관관계가 있었다. 연구 2는 362명의 제조업 근로자와 210명의 대학생을 대상으로 연구 1에서 나타난 결과의 일반화 가능성을 검토하였다. 그 결과 연구 1과 동일한 정체화의 요인구조를 확인하였고, 근로자 집단의 정체화와 성취목표 지향성간의 상관계수 역시 연구 1과 유사한 패턴을 보였다. 특히 개인정체화는 수행접근 목표지향성보다 숙달접근 목표지향성과 통계적으로 더 강한 상관계수를 나타냈다. 학생집단의 상관계수의 패턴도 근로자 집단과 유사하지만, 사회정체화가 어떤 성취목표지향성과 유의한 상관관계가 없는 것이 특징이다. 이러한 결과를 근거로 다음과 같은 결론을 내릴 수 있었다. 첫째, 사회정체화는 사회정체화와 사회비정체화의 요인으로 구분될 수 있다. 둘째, 개인정체화, 사회정체화 및 사회비정체화는 성취목표 지향성과 비교적 체계적으로 관련되어 있다. 끝으로 본 연구의 한계점을 지적하고 향후 연구에서 다룰 이슈를 제안하였다.
Abstract
Through two empirical studies, the structure of social and personal identification was examined, and the relationships between the observed identification factors and achievement goal orientations were investigated. Personal identification, social identification, and social disidentification factors were consistently observed by factor analyses from each participant groups: Service employees, manufacturing employees, and College students. Each of personal and social identification were significantly correlated with mastery approach and performance approach goal orientations in Service and Manufacturing employees. But the correlation between social identification and performance approach goal was significantly stronger than the correlation between social identification and mastery approach goal orientation in Service employees, and the correlation between personal identification and mastery approach goal was significantly stronger than the correlation between personal identification and performance approach goal orientation in Manufacturing employees. Social disidentification was significantly correlated with mastery avoidance and performance avoidance achievement goal orientations in each participant groups. Limitations of this study and directions for future studies were discussed.
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