직무만족과 직무에서 경험하는 정서간의 관계: 빈도 가설과 긍정성 비율 가설의 비교
The relationship between job satisfaction and emotions at work: Testing the frequency and positivity ratio hypotheses
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초록
삶의 만족이나 주관적 안녕감 연구에서는 ‘행복’이나 ‘번영(flourishing)’과 일상적 정서 경험 간의 관계에 대한 두 가지 다소 다른 관점을 제시하고 있다. 먼저, 빈도 가설(Diener et al., 1991)은 일상생활에서 긍정 정서 경험의 강도보다는 긍정 정서 경험의 빈도가 행복 또는 삶의 만족과 더 관련이 있다는 관점이며, 긍정성 비율(positivity ratio) 가설(Fredrickson & Losada, 2005)은 긍정 대 부정 정서경험의 비율(P/N)이 특정 비율(예: 3 : 1) 이상을 이루는 것이 최적의 기능을 하는 데 중요하다는 관점이다. 본 연구에서는 남녀 직장인들을 대상으로 일상재구성법(DRM)으로 수집된 자료를 바탕으로 이러한 두 관점을 직무만족과 하루 근무시간 동안의 정서 경험 간의 관계에 적용하고자 하였다. 결과에 따르면, 빈도가설의 예측처럼, 하루 동안 매 근무시간마다 부정 정서보다 긍정 정서를 경험하는 빈도가 많을수록 직무만족 수준이 유의하게 더 높았다. 그러나 긍정 정서 경험의 강도는 빈도 효과를 통제하면 아무런 유의한 효과를 보이지 못하였다. 또한 긍정성 비율의 가설처럼, 긍정성 비율이 높을수록 직무에 더 만족하였지만, 그러한 선형적 관계뿐만 아니라 비율이 일정 수치를 넘어서면 평평해지거나 오히려 낮아지는 비선형 관계도 유의한 설명력을 보였다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 결과가 제시하는 시사점에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
Researchers of job satisfaction and subjective well-being suggest two distinct viewpoints concerning the relationship between ‘happiness’(or ‘flourishing’) and daily emotional experiences. The first one, frequency hypothesis(Diener et al., 1991) suggests that how much of time a person experiences positive emotions is a better predictor than positive emotional intensity of how happy the person reports being. The second one, positivity ratio hypothesis (Fredrickson & Losada, 2005) predicts that a ratio of positive to negative affect at or above(3 : 1) will characterize individuals in flourishing mental health. The current study aimed to apply these two views to the relationship between job satisfaction and emotions at work. Using the Day Reconstruction Method (Kahneman, Krueger, Schkade, Schwarz, & Stone, 2004), we gathered affect data within one work day from 201 Seoul citizens in Korea. The resuts showed that the more frequently they experienced the positive emotion than the negative one the more satisfied are they with their job. The intensity of positive emotions didn't have any significant R2 increase after controlling the frequency effect. Furthermore, the higher the positivity ratio the more satisfied are they with their job. However, the relation was not only linear but also curvilinear. Lastly, we discussed the implications of this study's results.
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