팀 기반 공유 리더십 척도의 타당화 연구
Validation of the Shared Leadership Scale for Teams
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구의 목적은 최근 개발된 공유 리더십(Shared Leadership) 척도(네 개 요인의 28문항)에 대해 국 내 현직자를 대상으로 타당화를 실시하는 것이다. 구체적으로 (1) 공유 리더십 척도의 요인구조를 확인하고, (2) 유사개념들과의 변별성을 통한 수렴 및 변별타당도를 검증한 후, (3) 법칙론적 관계망 (Nomological Network) 구축을 기반으로 개인 및 팀 수준의 예측변인과 준거변인과의 관련성을 확인 하고자 한다. 이를 위해 국내 다양한 조직 및 직군에 종사하는 417명이 온라인 설문에 참여하였다. 특히, 다수준 구성개념 타당화를 위해 이들 중 현재 팀(4명~15명 규모)으로 업무를 수행하고 있는 50개 팀(278명)에 대해서 팀 수준 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 탐색적 및 확인적 요인분석 결과, 4요인 구조가 확인되었다. 구체적으로 탐색적 요인분석을 통해 요인 부하량 이 다소 낮은 네 개 문항(요인별 한 개)을 제외하고, 24개 문항으로 탐색적 및 확인적 요인분석을 실시한 결과 4요인 구조 모형이 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 상관분석, 확인적 요인분석, 위계적 회귀분석 등을 활용하여 공유 리더십과 유사개념(팀 임파워먼트, 팀 적응수행)과의 수렴 및 변별타당도를 확인하였다. 마지막으로 법칙론적 관계망에서 공유 리더십의 예측변인 및 준거변인 과의 관계를 개인 및 팀 수준에서 확인한 결과, 변혁적 리더십, 조직의 권한위임, 과업 상호의존성 이 공유 리더십의 예측변인으로 나타났다. 또한, 공유 리더십은 팀 효능감, 팀 혁신행동, 팀 수행, 팀 만족 등 다양한 팀 효과성 준거변인과 유의한 관련성을 보였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 팀 기반 공유 리더십 척도 타당화 연구의 시사점, 제한점 및 후속 연구 방향을 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to validate the Shared Leadership Scale((28 questions of four factors) recently developed for Korean employees. Specifically, we examined (1) factor structure of the scale (2) convergent and discriminant validity with similar concepts, and (3) the relationship with both predictors and criterion variables based on nomological network at the individual as well as team level. 417 people employed in various organizations and occupations participated in online survey. We conducted team-level analysis on 278 people of 50 teams currently working as teams(4~15 team size) for multilevel validation. The results are as follows. First, the four-factor structure of shared leadership was verified through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. With 24 items excluding the 4 items with a slightly low factor loading(one for each factor), the four-factor structural model was found to be the most suitable compared to other models. Second, the results of correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis confirmed the convergent and discriminant validity between shared leadership and similar concepts(team empowerment, team adaptation performance). Finally, we developed the nomological network including the predictors and criteria of shared leadership. Transformational leadership, organizational delegation, and task interdependence were the significant predictors of shared leadership at both the individual and team level. Shared leadership also had a significant relationship with the criteria of various team effectiveness such as team efficacy, team innovation behavior, team performance, and team satisfaction at the individual and team level. The implications, limitations, and future research directions of the team-based shared leadership scale validation research were discussed based on the above finding.
참고문헌 (81)
- 구인성, "공유리더십이 변화지향 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향: 긍정심리자본의 매개효과", 리더십연구, 10(4), pp.119~143 (2019), 리더십학회
- 김문주, "공유 리더십의 선행요인과 그 효과성에 관한 연구", 기업경영연구, 23(6), pp.145~168 (2016), 한국기업경영학회
- 김정남, "한국어 MLQ Form 5-45의 요인구조 모형 비교", 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 22(4), pp.567~596 (2009), 한국산업및조직심리학회[DOI]
- 노현재, "상사의 감성지능이 팀 만족 및 팀 성과에 미치는 영향: 변혁적 리더십의 매개효과를 중심으로", 조직과 인사관리연구, 35(3), pp.199~217 (2011), 한국인사관리학회
- 박장섭, "다양성 분위기의 팀 유효성 영향에 대한 연구: 팀 조직시민행동과 팀 과업특성의 역할 탐색을 중심으로", 인적자원개발연구, 20(1), pp.189~219 (2017), 한국인적자원개발학회[DOI]
- 박희진, "팀 학습 행동 및 팀 교류기억과 팀 수행의 관계 : 팀 요인 및 리더 행동 유형을 중심으로", 박사, 심리학, pp.2008
- 손성철, "조직 연구에서 다층모형 적용에 관한 고찰 - 위계적 선형모형(HLM) 활용을 중심으로 -", 인적자원관리연구, 20(3), pp.75~98 (2013), 한국인적자원관리학회
- 양인실, "공유리더십과 성과간의 관계에서 생산적 조직에너지의 매개효과", 리더십연구, 8(4), pp.165~187 (2017), 리더십학회
- 오진주, "대기업 팀의 혁신행동과 응집성, 정보교류체제 및 지식공유행동의 관계에서팀장-팀원 교환관계와 긍정적 실책관리문화의 조절효과", 박사, pp.2019
- 이경수, "공군 전투비행팀의 과업갈등, 관계갈등, 팀효능감 및 과업성과의 관계: 참여적 의사결정의 조절효과", 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 30(3), pp.329~355 (2017), 한국산업및조직심리학회[DOI]
- 이동선, "권한위임과 지각된 조직지원이 조직동일시와 맥락수행에 미치는 영향", 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 24(1), pp.183~206 (2011), 한국산업및조직심리학회[DOI]
- 주영경, "팀 기반 공유 리더십 척도 개발 연구: 내용타당도 중심으로", 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 35(4), pp.771~802 (2022), 한국산업및조직심리학회[DOI]
- 한태영, "적응수행에 대한 개인 및 팀 수준의 영향: 다수준(multilevel) 접근법의 적용", 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 18(1), pp.51~77 (2005), 한국산업및조직심리학회
- 한태영, "상사에 대한 팔로워십이 공유리더십에 미치는 영향에서 업무의 가상성(virtuality) 및 부하의 변화지향적 가치의 조절효과", 인적자원관리연구, 27(5), pp.29~47 (2020), 한국인적자원관리학회[DOI]
- 허윤정, "공유리더십과 조직시민행동이 팀 효과성에 미치는 영향", 평생교육 · HRD연구, 15(2), pp.229~251 (2019), 한국평생교육ㆍHRD연구소[DOI]
- 황승오, "R&D 프로젝트 팀에서의 공유리더십이 팀 창의성에 미치는 영향", 박사, pp.2020
- Ali, A., "Empirical analysis of shared leadership promotion and team creativity : An adaptive leadership perspective", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 41(5), pp.405~423 (2020)[DOI]
- APA, "Standards for educational and psychological testing", American Educational Research Association, ~ (2014)
- Bandura, A., "Social learning theory" (1977), Prantice Hall
- Bergman, J. Z., "The shared leadership process in decisionmaking teams", The Journal of Social Psychology, 152(1), pp.17~42 (2012)[DOI]
- Bliese, P. D., "Improving the Measurement of Group-Level Constructs by Optimizing Between-Group Differentiation", Journal of Applied Psychology, 104(2), pp.293~302 (2019)[DOI]
- Browne, M. W., "Testing structural equation models" (1993), Sage
- Burke, C., "The role of shared cognition in enabling shared leadership and team adaptability" (2003), SAGE Publications, Inc
- Carson, J. B., "Shared Leadership in Teams : An Investigation of Antecedent Conditions and Performance", Academy of Management Journal, 50(5), pp.1217~1234 (2007)[DOI]
- Chan, D., "Functional Relations Among Constructs in the Same Content Domain at Different Levels of Analysis", Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(2), pp.234~246 (1998)[DOI]
- Chen, G., "Multi-level issues in organizational behavior and processes(Vol. 3)", pp.273~303 (2005), Emerald Group Publishing Limited
- Chiu, C. C., "Initiating and Utilizing Shared Leadership in Teams : The Role of Leader Humility, Team Proactive Personality, and Team Performance Capability", Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(12), pp.1705~1720 (2016)[DOI]
- Colquitt, J. A., "Content Validation Guidelines : Evaluation Criteria for Definitional Correspondence and Definitional Distinctiveness", Journal of Applied Psychology, 104(10), pp.1243~1265 (2019)[DOI]
- Daspit, J., "Cross-functional team effectiveness : an examination of internal team environment, shared leadership, and cohesion influences", Team Performance Management, 19(1, pp.2) (2013), 34~56
- Day, D. V., "Leadership capacity in teams", The Leadership Quarterly, 15(6), pp.857~880 (2004)[DOI]
- Day, D. V., "A multilevel, identity-based approach to leadership development", Human Resource Management Review, 17(4), pp.360~373 (2007)[DOI]
- DeRue, D. S., "Adaptive leadership theory : Leading and following as a complex adaptive process", Research in Organizational Behavior, 31, pp.125~150 (2011)[DOI]
- DeRue, D. S., "Who will lead and who will follow? A social process of leadership identity construction in organizations", The Academy of Management Review, 35(4), pp.627~647 (2010)[DOI]
- Devine, D. J., "Do smarter teams do better : A meta-analysis of cognitive ability and team performance", Small Group Research, 32(5), pp.507~532 (2001)[DOI]
- Djurdjevic, E., "Workplace Status : The Development and Validation of a Scale", Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(7), pp.1124~1147 (2017)[DOI]
- Drescher, G., "Shared leadership and commonality : A policycapturing study", The Leadership Quarterly, 27(2), pp.200~217 (2016)[DOI]
- Drescher, M. A., "The dynamics of shared leadership : Building trust and enhancing performance", Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(5), pp.771~ (2014)[DOI]
- Ensley, M. D., "The importance of vertical and shared leadership within new venture top management teams : Implications for the performance of startups", The Leadership Quarterly, 17(3), pp.217~231 (2006)[DOI]
- Fausing, M. S., "Antecedents of shared leadership : empowering leadership and interdependence", Leadership & amp; Organization Development Journal, 36(3), pp.271~291 (2015)[DOI]
- Gu, Q., "How does shared leadership affect creativity in teams? A multilevel motivational investigation in the Chinese context", International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(8), pp.1641~1669 (2022)[DOI]
- Hair, J. F., "Multivariate data analysis" (2009), Prentice-Hall
- Hiller, N. J., "Collective enactment of leadership roles and team effectiveness : A field study", The Leadership Quarterly, 17(4), pp.387~397 (2006)[DOI]
- Hinkin, T. R., "A Brief Tutorial on the Development of Measures for Use in Survey Questionnaires", Organizational Research Methods, 1(1), pp.104~121 (1998)[DOI]
- Hoch., "Shared Leadership and Innovation : The Role of Vertical Leadership and Employee Integrity", Journal of Business and Psychology, 28(2), pp.159~174 (2013)[DOI]
- Hoch, J. E., "Shared leadership in enterprise resource planning and human resource management system implementation", Human Resource Management Review, 23(1), pp.114~125 (2013)[DOI]
- Hoch, J. E., "Leading Virtual Teams : Hierarchical Leadership, Structural Supports, and Shared Team Leadership", Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(3), pp.390~403 (2014)[DOI]
- Hoch, J. E., "Is the Most Effective Team Leadership Shared?", Journal of Personnel Psychology, 9(3), pp.105~116 (2010)[DOI]
- Holbeche, L., "The agile organization: How to build an engaged, innovative and resilient business" (2018), Kogan Page Publishers
- Hülsheger, U. R., "Team-level predictors of innovation at work : a comprehensive meta-analysis spanning three decades of research", Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(5), pp.1128~ (2009)[DOI]
- Janssen, O., "Job demands, perceptions of effort-reward fairness and innovative work behaviour", Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73(3), pp.287~302 (2000)[DOI]
- Jebb, A. T., "The handbook of multilevel theory, measurement, and analysis", pp.253~278 (2019), American Psychological Association
- Jex, S. M., "조직심리학" (2014), 시그마프레스
- Judge, T. A., "Transformational and transactional leadership : a meta-analytic test of their relative validity", Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), pp.755~ (2004)
- Kearney, E., "Managing diversity and enhancing team outcomes : the promise of transformational leadership", Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(1), pp.77~ (2009)
- Kirkman, B. L., "A model of work team empowerment", Research in Organizational Change and Development, 10(1), pp.131~167 (1997)
- Klasmeier, K. N., "A multilevel investigation of predictors and outcomes of shared leadership", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 41(9), pp.915~930 (2020)[DOI]
- Kozlowski, S. W., "A multilevel approach to theory and research in organizations: Contextual, temporal, and emergent processes" (2000)
- Kozlowski, S. W., "Team-centric leadership : An integrative review", Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 3, pp.21~54 (2016)
- Kuipers, B. S., "Teamwork : a case study on development and performance", The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(2), pp.185~201 (2005)
- Marks, M. A., "A temporally based framework and taxonomy of team processes", Academy of Management Review, 26(3), pp.356~376 (2001)
- Marques-Quinteiro, P., "Team adaptability and task cohesion as resources to the non-linear dynamics of workload and sickness absenteeism in firefighter teams", European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 29(4), pp.525~540 (2020)[DOI]
- Mathieu, J. E., "A century of work teams in the Journal of Applied Psychology", Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), pp.452~ (2017)[DOI]
- Morgeson, F. P., "Leadership in Teams : A Functional Approach to Understanding Leadership Structures and Processes", Journal of Management, 36(1), pp.5~39 (2010)[DOI]
- Nicolaides, V. C., "The shared leadership of teams : A meta-analysis of proximal, distal, and moderating relationships", The Leadership Quarterly, 25(5), pp.923~942 (2014)[DOI]
- Park, J. G., "Shared leadership in team: a qualitative analysis of theoretical themes, antecedents, and outcomes", Paper presented at the Academy of Management Proceedings, 2017(1), pp.16051~ (2017)
- Pearce, C. L., "Shared leadership: Reframing the hows and whys of leadership" (2003), Sage
- Pearce, C. L., "The roles of vertical and shared leadership in the enactment of executive corruption : Implications for research and practice", The Leadership Quarterly, 19(3), pp.353~359 (2008)
- Pearce, C. L., "Vertical versus shared leadership as predictors of the effectiveness of change management teams: An examination of aversive, directive, transactional, transformational, and empowering leader behaviors", Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 6(2), pp.172~ (2002)
- Pearce, C. L., "Shared leadership: Toward a multi-level theory of leadership. Advances in interdisciplinary studies of work teams" (2000), Emerald Group Publishing Limited
- Perry, M. L., "Empowered selling teams : How shared leadership can contribute to selling team outcomes", Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 19(3), pp.35~51 (1999)
- Serban, A., "Exploring antecedents and outcomes of shared leadership in a creative context : A mixed-methods approach", The Leadership Quarterly, 27(2), pp.181~199 (2016)[DOI]
- Tucker, L. R., "A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis", Psychometrika, 38(1), pp.1~10 (1973)
- Walumbwa, F. O., "The role of collective efficacy in the relations between transformational leadership and work outcomes", Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(4), pp.515~530 (2004)
- Wang, D., "A Meta-Analysis of Shared Leadership and Team Effectiveness", Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(2), pp.181~198 (2014)[DOI]
- Wang, L., "Learning to share : Exploring temporality in shared leadership and team learning", Small Group Research, 48(2), pp.165~189 (2017)[DOI]
- Wassenaar, C. L., "The nature of shared leadership" (2012)
- Wu, Q., "A meta-analysis of shared leadership : Antecedents, consequences, and moderators", Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 27(1), pp.49~64 (2020)[DOI]
- Yukl, G., "Leadership in Organizations" (2010)
- Zaccaro, S. J., "Team leadership", The Leadership Quarterly, 12(4), pp.451~483 (2001)[DOI]
- Zhu, J., "Shared leadership : A state-of-theart review and future research agenda", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(7), pp.834~852 (2018)[DOI]
- Ziegert, J. C., "Does more than one cook spoil the broth? An examination of shared team leadership", Ph.D, pp.2005
