南韓地域 高句麗 關防體系 - 臨津江流域을 중심으로 -
The Military Defense System of Goguryeo Period in South Korea - Centering of the Imjin River Basin -
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임진강유역은 고구려의 남쪽 경계선으로 남진정책이후 멸망할 때까지 공격과 방어의 背後基地로서 역할을 수행하였다. 이는 임진강유역의 고구려 관방체계가 철저한 지형분석을 통하여 치밀한 계획하에 설계되었으며, 하천과 교통로를 중심으로 효율적인 관방체계를 구축할 수 있도록 추진되었기 때문에 가능하였다. 먼저 임진강 북안에는 강안과 접하여 據點城과 衛城堡壘가 組合關係를 이루며 북동-남서 방향을 중심축으로 하는 線上防禦體系를 형성하였다. 임진강과 한탄강의 합류지역에는 동서교통로와 남북교통로가 교차하고 있으며 이곳에 성곽을 능형의 평면형태로 배치하는 菱形防禦體系를 구축하였다. 이 체계는 양주분지와 천보산맥일원에서 능형내곽보루군과 환상외곽보루군을 이루는 栲栳峰形의 입체적인 방어체계로 완성되었다고 할 수 있다. 거점성은 임진강유역의 자연환경적 요소를 철저하게 이용한 은대리성과 당포성, 호루고루 등과 같은 二等邊三角形의 江岸平地城이 그 역할을 담당하였고, 여기에 소규모의 위성보루를 배치하는 독특한 구조를 하였다. 그 중 호로고루를 중심으로 한 거점성과 위성보루의 관계, 하천을 사이에 둔 대응관계, 삼각형 구도의 배치, 산성의 전방배치 등은 삼국시대 관방체계의 전형을 보여준다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 북안의 조합관계를 모태로 남안에서는 거점성을 시발점으로 남진하는 河川路의 동안이나 서안에 칠중성, 아미성, 대전리산성 등의 산성을 배치하여 이를 남진로의 교두보로 이용하였다. 북쪽에서 내려오는 하천로는 이들 거점성을 거쳐야만 천보산맥일원을 거쳐 한강유역으로 진출할 수 있다. 그 주요 하천로는 신천로, 간파천로, 설마천로, 문산천로, 포천천로 등 5개 노선으로 추정하였다. 한편 기와류는 임진강유역의 고구려성곽에서 집중적으로 출토되었다. 그 분포는 임진․한탄강의 합류지역과 호로고루 주변의 성곽, 하천로변의 남안 성곽에서 출토되고 있다. 이는 한강유역이나 천보산맥 일원과는 달리 임진강유역 고구려 성곽의 위상을 말해주는 것임과 동시에 그 사용시기가 오랫동안 지속되었음을 알 수 있게 한다.
Abstract
The Imjin River basin was the south boundary of the Goguryeo Kingdom and was the hinterland during attacks and as a defense since its Southward Extension Policy until Goguryeo was destroyed. It was possible because the military defense system around the Imjin River basin had been designed according to strict plans through thorough geographical analysis and built to form an effective military system centering on the river and transportation roads. First of all, the north bank of the Imjin River adjoined the riverbank. The stronghold castle and defense fort were built as a coordinate along the northeast and southwest direction, respectively and that formed a defense system along the riverside area. At the junction where the Imjin River and the Hantan River merged, the east-west transportation road and the south-north transportation road were exchanged and a lozenge-shaped defense system was built and fortresses were assigned at each angle. This system was a pot-shaped cubic defense system of which the inside fortress was lozenge-shaped and the outer fortress was ring-shaped along the Yangju Basin and the Chunbo Mountain Range. A castle on the plain area of the riverbank took on therole of a key station castle and it includes Eundaeri Castle, Danpo Castle, and the Horogoru Fortress that were located in the form of an isosceles triangle. They utilized natural environmental elements of the Imjin River basin thoroughly. Among them, the relationship between the key station castles centering around the Horo goru Fortress and the defense fortresses, their confrontational position with the river in between, the triangle layout, and the fortress in the front line all those showed the typical properties of a defense system in the Era of the Three Kingdoms. Based on the coordination of the fortresses on the north bank, the fortresses such as Chiljung Fortress, Ami Fortress, and Daejeonri Fortress were built on the east bank or west bank of the river road flowing to the south from the key station fortress. They were used as a beachhead for the southward road. The river road running from the north ran into the Han River through the Chunbo Mountain Range and ran past and through these fortresses. It is suspected that there were 5 major river roads including Chinchun-ro, Ganpacheon-ro, Seolmacheon-ro, Munsancheon-ro, and Pocheonchun-ro. By the way, roof tiles were mainly found in the castles of the Goguryeo Kingdom in the Imjin River basin. The locations are the junction area of the Imjin River and the Hantan River, a fortress near the Horogoru Fortress, and the fortress on the south bank near the river roads. This shows the critical status of the castles of the Goguryeo Kingdom in the Imjin River basin, unlike those in the Han River basin or the area around the Cheonbo Mountain Range, as well as the fact that they had been used for a long time.
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- "The Military Defense System of Goguryeo Period in South Korea"
- "- Centering of the Imjin River Basin -"
- "The Imjin River basin was the south boundary of the Goguryeo Kingdom and was the hinterland during attacks and as a defense since its Southward Extension Policy until Goguryeo was destroyed It was possible because the military defense system around the Imjin River basin had been designed according to strict plans through thorough geographical analysis and built to form an effective military system centering on the river and transportation roads"
- "First of all, the north bank of the Imjin River adjoined the riverbank. The stronghold castle and defense fort were built as a coordinate along the northeast and southwest direction, respectively and that formed a defense system along the riverside area. At the junction where the Imjin River and the Hantan River merged, the east-west transportation road and the south-north transportation road were exchanged and a lozenge-shaped defense system was built and fortresses were assigned at each angle. This system was a pot-shaped cubic defense system of which the inside fortress was lozenge-shaped a"
- "A castle on the plain area of the riverbank took on therole of a key station castle and it includes Eundaeri Castle, Danpo Castle, and the Horogoru Fortress that were located in the form of an isosceles triangle. They utilized natural environmental elements of the Imjin River basin thoroughly. Among them, the relationship between the key station castles centering around the Horo goru Fortress and the defense fortresses, their confrontational position with the river in between, the triangle layout, and the fortress in the front line all those showed the typical properties of a defense system in"
- "By the way, roof tiles were mainly found in the castles of the Goguryeo Kingdom in the Imjin River basin. The locations are the junction area of the Imjin River and the Hantan River, a fortress near the Horogoru Fortress, and the fortress on the south bank near the river roads. This shows the critical status of the castles of the Goguryeo Kingdom in the Imjin River basin, unlike those in the Han River basin or the area around the Cheonbo Mountain Range, as well as the fact that they had been used for a long time."