정신분열병 환자 자녀의 얼굴표정 인식
Recognition of Facial Emotion in the Children of Schizophrenic Patients
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본 연구에서는 정신분열병 환자의 자녀가 얼굴표정을 인식하는데 취약성이 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 만 7세～만 14세의 정신분열병 환자의 자녀 11명, 정신분열병 이외의 다른 정신병리를 가진 부모의 자녀 14명, 정상 아동 13명을 대상으로 33개의 얼굴표정을 제시하고 얼굴에 나타난 ‘기쁜’, ‘놀라운’, ‘두려운’, ‘무척 싫은’, ‘슬픈’, ‘화난’의 6가지 기본 정서를 명명하는 과제와 얼굴표정의 긍정/부정과 각성을 7점 Likert 척도로 평정하는 과제를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 전반적으로 정신분열병 환자 자녀가 다른 두 비교 집단에 비해 얼굴표정을 명명하는데 정확도가 떨어졌으나 유의한 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 그러나 정서변별이 쉬워 명확한 자극에서는, 정신분열병 환자 자녀가 통제 집단 아동에 비해 유의하게 정확성이 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 긍정/부정과 각성 평정 과제에서는, 평균 평정치에 있어 집단간의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 정신분열병 환자 자녀의 긍정/부정에 대한 평정치는 다른 집단에 비해 대학생이 평정한 값과 많은 차이가 있었고, 유의하지는 않았으나 경향성이 있었다. 특히 ‘긍정’ 수준과 ‘중성’ 수준에서 이러한 차이가 두드러지게 나타나 정신분열병 환자 자녀들이 얼굴표정에 드러난 긍정/부정 정도를 정확히 평가하는데 어려움이 있음을 보여주었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 정신분열병 환자 자녀들이 얼굴표정 인식에 있어서의 취약성과 정신분열병 환자가 보이는 손상을 비교하였으며, 연구의 제한점에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
Children of schizophrenic patients were tested for their ability to recognize facial expressions. Thirty-three facial expressions of actors and actresses were presented in photographs to 11 children of schizophrenic patients, 14 of patients with other psychiatric disorders and 13 of normal persons. The participants were given two tasks: Labeling task where they were asked to identify emotion appropriate for each face and rating task where they were asked to make rating on the dimensions of pleasure/displeasure and arousal expressed in the face. In the labeling task, 7 alternatives-6 emotions(happiness, surprise, fear, contempt, anger and sadness) and 'other'-were given. A 7 point likert scale was used in the rating task. The results were as follows. In the labeling task, children of schizophrenic patients showed less agreement than the other two groups. In the rating task, the three groups did not show significant differences in the overall mean rating of pleasure/displeasure or arousal. However, pleasure/displeasure ratings of the children of schizophrenic patients were more deviated from those of college students than the other two groups, particularly for face with positive or neutral emotions, suggesting that they are likely to distort the extent of pleasure/displeasure in facial expressions. Implications of these findings and methodological limitations were discussed.
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