명초 홍무제의 종교정책과 통치구상 - 불교와 도교를 중심으로 -

Abstract

Hongwu Emperor(洪武帝) emphasized Confucianism(儒敎) as principles of rule the state against the religion, Buddhism(佛敎), Taoism(道敎), etc. But He was full appreciation of the political and social function of religion, sternly deal with the response of the harmful effects of economic, social and political. He wanted to control by religion into the governance system, suppression excessive growth of believers and religious of Buddhism and Taoism, settlement limit, prohibition of unofficial religious event, etc. He is to implement these policies to prevent social unrest and a system of the centre of the emperor. Hongwu Emperor's religious ceremony and religious policies can be divided into three times, growing as a powerful warlord to take part in Peasants' Red Army(紅軍) in period(1352~1366), throne as king of Wu(吳) and early period of establish a Ming(1367~1380), the time of the centre of the emperor and abolish Jungseoseong(中書省)(1381~1398), etc. Growing as a powerful warlord to take part in Peasants' Red Army in period, Hongwu Emperor was friendly awareness about Buddhism become Buddhist monks being young. But, he gradually make full use of Buddhism since expanding its military power. He make use of a mysterious ability of a monk and an ascetic in military operations. Throne as king of Wu(吳) and early period of establish a Ming, Hongwu Emperor transferred religion into the national institutions and he was using religion to the national rule. He made a religion organization such as Sinakkwan(神樂觀) and enrolled a man of religion that. These religious organizations were presided over a state rite. Meanwhile, Hongwu Emperor was strictly banned the trouble to religion person. The time of the centre of the emperor and abolish Jungseoseong, He was tightened clergy's qualification system and banned unofficial monk and ascetic's activity. These clergy had to stabilize the lives of people and active with envoys abroad. During Hongwu reign, Hongwu Emperor insisted on the religious thought that included monarch's power was given by God, the Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism united, and the religion served for the maintenance and consolidation of dynasty. He also publicized the rationality of his rule and regulated the essence and founction of religion. His religious thought determined his religious policy and influenced the later history of Ming dynasty deeply.