淸代 티베트 國師 짱꺄 뢸뻬돌제 ― 그의 삶과 정치･종교･학문적 역할 ―
Qing Dynasty’s National Preceptor Changkya Rölpédorjé — A study on his life and religious and academic roles —
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In order to have a better understanding of the history of the Qing dynasty, it is necessary to get a better picture of the historical function and the status of Tibetan Buddhism. Even though Qing made use of Tibetan Buddhism politically for its Tibetan and Mongolian relation, it is also a fact that the Qing imperial house including its emperors had their sincere religious faith in Tibetan Buddhism. Changkya Rölpédorjé (Lcang skya Rol pa’i rdo rje) is the very person who can represent this multi-faceted aspect of Tibetan Buddhism in the history of the Qing dynasty. This paper attempts to understand the role of Tibetan Buddhism through tracking and analyzing the activities of Changkya Rölpédorjé based mainly on the contents of his Tibetan biographies. First, Rol pa’i rdo rje was chosen as a new Changkya incarnation because of his non-affiliated status of ethnic identity to prevent Mongolian monopoly of the system. Afterwards, he was educated and raised as a person who epitomizes the level of development of Tibetan Buddhism in the capital area. Second, Changkya Rölpédorjé’s activities related to the Dalai Lamas show that he was not a puppet-like figure orchestrated only by Qing but had his own voice and agenda for the benefit of the Geluk school of Tibetan Buddhism when necessary. Third, Changkya Rölpédorjé’s religious and scholarly activities indicate that he always obliged the Qing government with high-level results which made Tibetan Buddhism as a part of the big machine of the Qing dynasty. In sum, Changkya Rölpédorjé was a symbol of coexistence of Qing and Tibet with his independent mind as well as his cooperative attitude towards Qing.
Abstract
In order to have a better understanding of the history of the Qing dynasty, it is necessary to get a better picture of the historical function and the status of Tibetan Buddhism. Even though Qing made use of Tibetan Buddhism politically for its Tibetan and Mongolian relation, it is also a fact that the Qing imperial house including its emperors had their sincere religious faith in Tibetan Buddhism. Changkya Rölpédorjé (Lcang skya Rol pa’i rdo rje) is the very person who can represent this multi-faceted aspect of Tibetan Buddhism in the history of the Qing dynasty. This paper attempts to understand the role of Tibetan Buddhism through tracking and analyzing the activities of Changkya Rölpédorjé based mainly on the contents of his Tibetan biographies. First, Rol pa’i rdo rje was chosen as a new Changkya incarnation because of his non-affiliated status of ethnic identity to prevent Mongolian monopoly of the system. Afterwards, he was educated and raised as a person who epitomizes the level of development of Tibetan Buddhism in the capital area. Second, Changkya Rölpédorjé’s activities related to the Dalai Lamas show that he was not a puppet-like figure orchestrated only by Qing but had his own voice and agenda for the benefit of the Geluk school of Tibetan Buddhism when necessary. Third, Changkya Rölpédorjé’s religious and scholarly activities indicate that he always obliged the Qing government with high-level results which made Tibetan Buddhism as a part of the big machine of the Qing dynasty. In sum, Changkya Rölpédorjé was a symbol of coexistence of Qing and Tibet with his independent mind as well as his cooperative attitude towards Qing.
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