불가코프의 푸시킨: 『거장과 마르가리타』 속 푸시킨의 형상과 작품들
Pushkin and His Poems in Mikhail Bulgakov’s Master and Margarita
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Pushkin has a very special position in Mikhail Bulgakov’ works and life. According to his first autobiographical story “Cuffnotes,” Bulgakov’s conflict with official literature started due to Pushkin. In Vladikavkaz he defended Pushkin against ‘debouch of poems,’ who attacked on Pushkin as a bourgeois decadent, and after that his ill-fated life of writer has started. But Bulgakov had not abandoned his royalty to Pushkin. He called the great poet of russian literature as the commander of chivalry of russian writers, and strived to follow his principle both in life and literature. From the first novel “The White guard” to the last novel “The Master and Margarita” Bulgakov recurringly called the name of Pushkin and his works, and studied soviet times by Pushkin. In “The Master and Margarita” Bulgakov keenly observed the images of Pushkin as soviet idol and the phenomenon of bulgar appropriation Pushkin in soviet culture. Not only that, Pushkin is a key for interpretation of the novel’s ending. The two poems, “Winter Evening” and “It’s time, my friend, it’s time” were bound up with the fate of Master. Especially, “It’s time, my friend, it’s time” is a crucial key for understanding the meaning of ‘peace’ rewarded to Master and his ‘final refuge.’
Abstract
Pushkin has a very special position in Mikhail Bulgakov’ works and life. According to his first autobiographical story “Cuffnotes,” Bulgakov’s conflict with official literature started due to Pushkin. In Vladikavkaz he defended Pushkin against ‘debouch of poems,’ who attacked on Pushkin as a bourgeois decadent, and after that his ill-fated life of writer has started. But Bulgakov had not abandoned his royalty to Pushkin. He called the great poet of russian literature as the commander of chivalry of russian writers, and strived to follow his principle both in life and literature. From the first novel “The White guard” to the last novel “The Master and Margarita” Bulgakov recurringly called the name of Pushkin and his works, and studied soviet times by Pushkin. In “The Master and Margarita” Bulgakov keenly observed the images of Pushkin as soviet idol and the phenomenon of bulgar appropriation Pushkin in soviet culture. Not only that, Pushkin is a key for interpretation of the novel’s ending. The two poems, “Winter Evening” and “It’s time, my friend, it’s time” were bound up with the fate of Master. Especially, “It’s time, my friend, it’s time” is a crucial key for understanding the meaning of ‘peace’ rewarded to Master and his ‘final refuge.’
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