카자흐스탄 고려인 문화 연구 - 음식과 명절을 중심으로 -

Abstract

This paper is about the unique Koryuin food culture and holiday culture formed through cultural exchanges between the Koryuin in Kazakhstan and the peoples (Russians and Kazakhs) living in the Eurasian space. Since the mid-1860s, the  Koryuin have been living in Diaspora in the Russian Far East. The Koryuin had another trial of forced migration to Central Asia. In this process, the Koryuin created a new creative culture in the field of food and holidays, dynamically interacting with the culture of the Kazakh people and the Russian culture encountered in the geographical space of Eurasia. As a result of exchanges with Russian culture formed during the Diaspora period in the Far East, and afterwards another cultural transformation in the Kazakh grasslands of Central Asia, the food culture of the Koryuin in Kazakhstan made their own unique transformation. So, the food on the table of the Koryuin in Kazakhstan was a mixture of traditional Korean food, Russian food and Central Asian food. Therefore, it has been transformed into a Koryuin food that contains Eurasian traits that have different characteristics from traditional Korean food. Importantly, what is currently on the home table in Kazakhstan is food with multicultural characteristics. The Russian food and Central Asian food accepted by the Koryuin have undergone a process of transformation according to the taste characteristics of the Koryuin. Traditional Korean foods such as rice, soup, and tofu, as well as modified Koryuin foods such as Begoja, Guksi and Jimchi, are often on the daily table of Koryuin. Along with this main dish, Russian food such as Hleb, Blin, Kasha, Borsch, and Shashik and Kazakh food such as Paulsaki and Vesbarmark are also placed on the Koryuin table. In particular, the traditional Kazakh food, Vesbarmark, has the advantage of being very simple to cook compared to Korean cuisine. So it is the local food that Koryuin love. In addition, Korean, Russian, and Kazakh local foods are also placed on the tables set by the Koreans in Kazakhstan to celebrate the holidays. So it became the symbolic content of Koryuin cultural exchange. Koryuin holiday culture has undergone a lot of transformations after 150 years of diaspora. In some cases, the national holiday of the country of residence entered into the culture of Koryuin and accepted it as a holiday of Koryuin. As a result, Koryuin entered the Russian holiday custom to celebrate the New Year and Easter as Koryuin stayed in the Far East for a long time. And in the 1920s, it was influenced by the “anti-religious movement” to eradicate the holidays of the minority groups of the Soviet regime from socialism. So, Koryuin did not celebrate the festival, making rice cakes, making alcohol, and making sacrifices. After the forced migration to Kazakhstan, Koryuin holiday celebration was traditional Koreans' holidays, New Year's Day and Cold Food Day. And it was conducted around Russia's biggest holiday, the New Year (Новый год). The customs carried out on the traditional New Year's Day in Koryuin are now gone. In addition, the culture of Russia and Kazakhstan flowed into the Koryuin society, and it was held for a performance-oriented New Year's Day. And the personal holidays that all the Koryuin in Kazakhstan must celebrate are 'the first birthday party' and 'the 60th birthday party'. Interestingly, under the influence of Koryuin first birthday party, Kazakh society is also having a first birthday party. In addition, Kazakhstan's Koryuin borrowed from the Eurasian people to celebrate their 60th birthday, inviting families and relatives to rent a party restaurant. Like the food on the traditional holiday of the Koryuin, the table of the 60th birthday table clearly shows the trace of cultural exchange. This is because Koryuin traditional food, Russian food, and Kazakh food are mixed.