일본 지방분권의 평가와 시사점: 지방분권 모형을 중심으로

Abstract

This study is to analyze the decentralization reform of Japan in 1990s. The contents, implications and problems involved in the reform process was deeply discussed. On the basis of decentralization model, including ideal model, bargaining model, dominating model, and hierarchical model the reform of Japan in 1990s was evaluated as the initial step from hierarchical type to a low level of bargaining model. The initial master plan suggested by the Decentralization Steering Committee had not been fully implemented due to several obstacles. The phrases, including "the introduction of the general theory," "unfinished reform," "a first step of reform," "the first round of reform" have well represented the feature of the decentralization reform of Japan in 19908. Despite of the evaluation mentioned above the decentralization reform of Japan in 19908 should not be underestimated. That is why the reform 1990s was a product of debate which is more than 100 years old. That is why it may be cornerstone for the next reform. Owing to the result of the decentralization reform in 1990s, in a sense, local governments in Japan is able to function as the local self-governing body which is empowered to make policies at its discretion and at its expense. An attention should be paid to strategies which have functioned as a leverage for keeping all policy actors satisfied with the decentralization reform even though it is partial. Without the strategies the reform in 1990s could have not happened. The strategies were to concentrate the debate of reform on reducing devices of control by the central government over local governments.