농촌유역의 수질평가를 위한 다변량분석 기법의 이용
Multi-variate Statistical Analysis for Evaluation of Water Quality Properties in Korean Rural Watershed
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초록
본 연구는 농업용 하천의 특성별 관리 그리고 농업 환경 및 농업 정책에 있어서의 기초자료로서 활용하기 위하여, 전국의 농촌유역 319 하천에 대한 농업용수 수질분석자료를 이용하여 요인분석과 군집분석을 5가지 Case로 구분하여 실시하였다. 각 Case별 인자추출의 수는, Case 1과 Case 2는 각각 5개 인자(factor)가 추출되어 전체의 73.0%, 76.2%를 설명할 수 있었고 Case 3은 4개 인자가 추출되어 전체의 72.4%, Case 4와 Case 5는 각각 1개 인자가 추출되어 전체의 52.6%, 51.6%를 설명할 수 있었다. 인자분석의 결과 추출된 인자로서 군집분석을 실시한 결과, Case 1과 2의 경우 4개 군집, Case 3의 경우 5개 군집, Case 4와 5의 경우 3개의 군집으로 유형화되었으나, 5개의 Case중 군집에 의한 수질 항목들의 일반적 경향, 그룹화된 군집 내의 하천의 개수 등에 의하여 Case 4의 경우인 7개의 수질항목으로 분석한 군집분석의 결과인, 3그룹으로 우리나라 농촌유역 하천을 유형화하는 것이 가장 바람직할 것으로 생각되었다. A그룹은 대부분의 하천들이 속하는 유형으로 우리나라의 평균적인 하천, B그룹은 충북과 경기의 일부 하천들이 속하는 유형으로 SS의 농도는 평균적인 경향, 질소와 인의 농도가 일반적인 하천보다는 조금 높은 수준을 보이는 하천들로 유기물의 농도도 높은 경향을 보여 도시인근이나 농촌마을 등 점오염원에 의한 영향을 많이 받는 하천들이었다. C그룹은 강원도의 하천들이 대부분 속하는 유형으로 질소와 인의 농도가 낮으며, 특히 SS가 낮아 상대적으로 수질이 우수한 경향을 보이는 하천들이었다.
Abstract
This study was carried out to classify the streams at rural watersheds by characteristics of water quality. The water quality data of 319 streams at rural watersheds in Korea were selected. Multivariate analysis was used for this purpose. The cases were divided into 5 types, and then factor analysis and cluster analysis were done. The characteristics of water quality of rural watersheds can be showed more than 40% of total water quality by first factor(organic matters and nutrients). The cluster analysis of extracted factors using factor analysis was carried out. The results showed that the Case 1 and Case 2 were classified 4 communities, Case 3 was classified 5 communities and Case 4 and 5 were classified 3 communities. Among 5 types cases, to classified the streams of rural watersheds, Case 4 - 7 water quality items - was selected as a desirable case. Many kinds of statistical analysis can be used to classify the streams of rural watersheds. Our results showed a good example to evaluate the water quality properties in Korean rural watershed.
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