Cadmium and Zinc Uptake Characteristics of Corn Plant in Arable Soil Contaminated by Smelting Factory Source
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The cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) contamination of soils and cultivated crop plants by zinc smelting activities was studied. In the study area of the vicinity of △△ zinc smelting factory in Korea, soils and corn plants were sampled at corn harvesting stage and analyzed Cd and Zn concentration, as well as Cd and Zn fraction and chemical properties in soils. At 600 m radius of studied area, Cd and Zn were highly accumulated in the surface soils (0-20 cm) showed greater than the Korean warning criteria (Cd 1.5, Zn 300 mg kg-1) with corresponding values 1.7 and 407 mg kg-1, respectively. The leaf part gave higher Cd concentration with the corresponding value of 9.5 mg kg-1 as compared to the stem and grains parts (1.6 and 0.18 mg kg-1), respectively. Higher Zn concentration was also obtained from the leaf part of the corn plant which gave the value of 1,733 mg kg-1. The stem and grain part gave corresponding values of 547 and 61 mg kg-1. The order of the mean Cd concentration in fractions is F3 (oxidizable fraction) > F2 (reducible fraction) > F4 (residual fraction) > F1 (exchangeable + acidic fraction). A highly positive correlation is observed between F2 and concentration of Cd and Zn in both plant parts, leaf and grain. Highly positive correlations are shown in the pH, exchangeable Ca and Mg, and CEC when correlated with Cd and Zn bound to F4 fractions. To reduce Cd and Zn uptake by corn plant in an arable land heavily contaminated with Cd and Zn as affected by smelting factory, an efficient and effective soil management to increase soil pH and CEC is thus recommended.
Abstract
The cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) contamination of soils and cultivated crop plants by zinc smelting activities was studied. In the study area of the vicinity of △△ zinc smelting factory in Korea, soils and corn plants were sampled at corn harvesting stage and analyzed Cd and Zn concentration, as well as Cd and Zn fraction and chemical properties in soils. At 600 m radius of studied area, Cd and Zn were highly accumulated in the surface soils (0-20 cm) showed greater than the Korean warning criteria (Cd 1.5, Zn 300 mg kg-1) with corresponding values 1.7 and 407 mg kg-1, respectively. The leaf part gave higher Cd concentration with the corresponding value of 9.5 mg kg-1 as compared to the stem and grains parts (1.6 and 0.18 mg kg-1), respectively. Higher Zn concentration was also obtained from the leaf part of the corn plant which gave the value of 1,733 mg kg-1. The stem and grain part gave corresponding values of 547 and 61 mg kg-1. The order of the mean Cd concentration in fractions is F3 (oxidizable fraction) > F2 (reducible fraction) > F4 (residual fraction) > F1 (exchangeable + acidic fraction). A highly positive correlation is observed between F2 and concentration of Cd and Zn in both plant parts, leaf and grain. Highly positive correlations are shown in the pH, exchangeable Ca and Mg, and CEC when correlated with Cd and Zn bound to F4 fractions. To reduce Cd and Zn uptake by corn plant in an arable land heavily contaminated with Cd and Zn as affected by smelting factory, an efficient and effective soil management to increase soil pH and CEC is thus recommended.
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