계분 퇴비화 시설 인근 농경지 토양, 지표수 및 저질토의 계절별 잔류 항생물질 모니터링
Seasonal Monitoring of Residual Veterinary Antibiotics in Agricultural Soil, Surface Water and Sediment Adjacent to a Poultry Manure Composting Facility
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초록
본 연구는 강원도 원주 지역의 계분 퇴비화 시설 인근의농경지 토양, 지표수 및 저질토에 대한 TCs계열 3종(TC,CTC 및 OTC), SAs 계열 3종(SMX, STZ 및 SMT), IPs 계열 3종(LSL, MNS 및 SLM) 및 MLs 계열 1종(TYL) 등 총4개 계열 10종의 항생물질을 선정하여 영농시기 별 잔류특성을 조사하였다. 토양 시료의 경우 TCs가 다른 계열 항생물질과 비교하여 가장 높은 농도로 검출되었으며 이는 TCs 내케톤기와 토양 내 2가 양이온이 복합체를 형성, 표토에 강하게 흡착되어 심토까지 이동하지 않고 축적된 것으로 추측된다. 반면 TCs와 비교해 토양 내 SAs 잔류량이 낮은 이유는적은 사용량과 낮은 흡착계수에서 기인된 것으로 판단되었다. 수질시료의 TCs는 집중강우로 인한 토양유실 및 이후 유량감소로 인해 6월보다 9월에 높은 농도를 보였다. 저질토 내TCs 농도 증가 이유가 양이온간의 복합체 형성, 이온교환 및부식산의 수소결합으로 인해 지표수로 유입된 TCs가 저질토로 흡착, 축적되었기 때문으로 판단된다. 본 연구를 통해 계분퇴비 시용시 주변환경으로 높은 농도의 항생물질이 유입될가능성이 있으며, 이로 인해 토양 내 내성 박테리아 생성 및생태계 교란뿐만 아니라 직 · 간접적으로 인간에게 피해가 우려되는 바 지속적인 모니터링을 통한 관리방안 마련이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
Concentration of antibiotics including a tetracycline group (TCs) of tetracycline (TC), chlortetracycline (CTC), and oxytetracycline (OTC), a sulfonamide group (SAs) of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfathiazole (STZ), and sulfamethazine (SMT), an ionophore group (IPs) of lasalocid (LSL), monensin (MNS), and salinomycin (SLM), and a macrolide group (MLs) of tylosin (TYL) was determined from samples collected from the agricultural soil, stream water, and sediment. For the agricultural soil samples, the concentration of TCs had the highest value among all tested antibiotic's groups due to its high accumulation rate on the surface soils. The lower concentrations of SAs in the agricultural soils may be resulted from its lower usage and lower distribution coefficient (Kd) compared to TCs. The concentration of TCs in stream water was significantly increased through June to September. It would be likely due to soil loss during an intensive rainfall event and a reduction of water level after the monsoon season. A significant amount of TCs in the sediment was also detected due to its accumulation from runoff, which occurred by complexation of divalent cations, ion exchange, and hydrogen bonding among humic acid molecules. To ensure environmental or human safety, continuous monitoring of antibiotics residues in surrounding ecosystems and systematic approach to the occurrence mechanism of antibiotic resistant bacteria are required.
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