Influence of Various Biochars on the Survival, Growth, and Oxidative DNA Damage in the Earthworm Eisenia Fetida
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BACKGROUND: Biochar (BC) has a great potential forenhancing soil fertility and carbon sequestration whilefacilitating beneficial waste disposition. Therefore, it isessential to assess and mitigate any inadvertentconsequences associated with soil biochar amendment. Earthworm activity is very vital in the soil system, yet thereare a limited number of studies that have examined theirimpact resulting from biochar application to soil. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, the survival,growth, reproductive tests, and oxidative DNA damagetests (measured by 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG)and catalase (CAT) activities) to assess the potentialtoxicity to earthworm Eisenia fetida in artificial soilamended with BCs were investigated. The BCs derivedfrom perilla meal, sesame meal, and pumpkin seed werepyrolyzed at 300 and 550℃, and then amended with soil ata rate of 5%. All the earthworms survived, but lost weightcompared to control soil after 28 day incubation period. Moreover, the BC‐amended soils did not significantlyaffect the cocoon numbers of earthworms. Slightly higherconcentrations of 8‐OHdG and CAT were observed inearthworms present in BC‐treated soil than those in controlsoil. Furthermore, the 8‐OHdG concentrations in the soilamended with BC produced at 550℃ were greater thanthose at 300℃, and it slightly decreased as the incubationtime increased. CONCLUSION: These observations could be due to highercontents of toxic metal(loid)s and also higher pH in BCspyrolyzed at 550℃ than 300℃. While BC is efficientlybeing used in agricultural fields, this study suggests that it isrequired to assess the unintended negative impacts of BC onsoil ecosystems.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Biochar (BC) has a great potential forenhancing soil fertility and carbon sequestration whilefacilitating beneficial waste disposition. Therefore, it isessential to assess and mitigate any inadvertentconsequences associated with soil biochar amendment. Earthworm activity is very vital in the soil system, yet thereare a limited number of studies that have examined theirimpact resulting from biochar application to soil. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, the survival,growth, reproductive tests, and oxidative DNA damagetests (measured by 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG)and catalase (CAT) activities) to assess the potentialtoxicity to earthworm Eisenia fetida in artificial soilamended with BCs were investigated. The BCs derivedfrom perilla meal, sesame meal, and pumpkin seed werepyrolyzed at 300 and 550℃, and then amended with soil ata rate of 5%. All the earthworms survived, but lost weightcompared to control soil after 28 day incubation period. Moreover, the BC‐amended soils did not significantlyaffect the cocoon numbers of earthworms. Slightly higherconcentrations of 8‐OHdG and CAT were observed inearthworms present in BC‐treated soil than those in controlsoil. Furthermore, the 8‐OHdG concentrations in the soilamended with BC produced at 550℃ were greater thanthose at 300℃, and it slightly decreased as the incubationtime increased. CONCLUSION: These observations could be due to highercontents of toxic metal(loid)s and also higher pH in BCspyrolyzed at 550℃ than 300℃. While BC is efficientlybeing used in agricultural fields, this study suggests that it isrequired to assess the unintended negative impacts of BC onsoil ecosystems.
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