자기초점적 주의 성향 척도의 개발: 사회적 상황을 중심으로
Development of the Scale for Dispositional Self-focused Attention in Social situation
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자기초점적 주의는 자신의 생각, 느낌, 행동이나 외모 등에 초점이 맞추어지는 주의로서, 적응 지표뿐만 아니라 부적응 지표와도 관련되는 이중성을 보여 왔다. 본 연구는 이러한 두 가지 서로 다른 성격의 자기초점적 주의 성향을 구분해 낼 수 있는 척도를 제작하여 그 신뢰도와 타당도를 확인하고자 하였다. 자기초점적 주의 성향 척도(SDSAS)는 사회적 상황에서 나타나는 자기초점적 주의 성향을 측정하기 위해 제작되었으며, 자신에게 주의를 기울이는 정도를 측정하는 일반적 자기초점적 주의 성향 척도와 자신의 특정 측면에 주의를 과도하게 계속해서 기울이며 자신의 다른 측면이나 외부에 주의를 쉽게 돌리기 어려운 성향을 측정하는 자기몰입 척도 두 가지로 구성되어 있다. 일반적 자기초점적 주의 성향 점수가 높은 사람들 가운데 자기몰입 점수가 높은 사람들은 방어적 자기초점적 주의 성향 집단으로, 자기몰입 점수가 낮은 사람들은 비방어적 자기초점적 주의 성향 집단으로 구분한다. 예비문항을 선정한 후 대학생 311명에게 실시한 자료를 요인분석하여 30문항의 SDSAS를 제작하였다. 척도의 타당화를 위해서 대학생 525명을 대상으로 척도의 신뢰도와 타당도를 확인하였다. 척도의 내적합치도와 검사-재검사 신뢰도 모두 비교적 높았으며, 관련 증상 질문지들과의 상관을 통해 구성타당도가 입증되었다. 또한 SDSAS를 사용하여 질적으로 다른 두 가지 자기초점적 주의 성향을 타당하게 구분할 수 있음을 시사하였다. 끝으로 본 연구에 대한 시사점을 논의하였다.
Abstract
Self-focused attention refers to one's own thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and appearance. It has been considered to be related to the adaptive index as well as the maladaptive one. The purpose of this study is to develop the Scale for Dispositional Self-focused Attention in Social situation(SDSAS) which distinguishes two types of self-focused attention and to examine its reliability and validity. The SDSAS aims to measure the dispositional self-focused attention in social situation and consists of two subscales: “General Self-focused Attention”, which measures the degree of attention that an individual pays to the self and “Self-Absorption”, which measures the tendency of giving excessive attention to one's specific aspects constantly and having difficulty turning his attention to other aspects or external environment the tendency of self-absorption. Among high scorers on the general self-focused attention scale, those who also show high score on the self-absorption scale constitute defensive self-focused attention group and those who show low score on the self-absorption scale constitute nondefensive self-focused attention group. A pool of preliminary items were administered to 311 undergraduates, and the SDSAS with 30 items was constructed using factor analyses on the data. To examine its reliability and validity, the SDSAS was administered to 525 undergraduates. The SDSAS appeared to have adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The construct validity of the scale was supported by the pattern of correlations between the SDSAS and measures of related characteristics. Two types of dispositional self-focused attention that differed qualitatively could be differentiated by means of SDSAS. Additionally, the implications of this study were discussed.
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