거제도 장목항에서 적조원인생물 Akashiwo sanguinea (Dinophyceae): 형태, 분자계통학적 특성 및 온도와 염분에 따른 성장 특성
Bloom-forming dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea (Dinophyceae) in Jangmok Harbour of Geoje Island, Korea: Morphology, phylogeny and effects of temperature and salinity on growth
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거제도 장목항에서 분리한 Akashiwo sanguinea의 형태와 계통학적 특성을 명확히 하고, 여러 온도와 염분구배에 따른 성장조건을 파악하고자 하였다. A. sanguinea의 세포는 오각형이었고, 세포의 길이는 54.7~70.3 μm, 폭은 31.5~48.5 μm로 나타났다. 핵은 세포의 중심에 위치하였고, 엽록체는 황갈색으로 세포 전체에 퍼져있었다. 상추구는 알파벳 e 모양이었다. 계통분석 결과 장목항에서 분리한 본 배양주는 ribotype A에 포함되었다. 온도 및 염분구배에 따른 성장 실험은 5°C 이하의 온도를 제외한 모든 온도구배에서 성장이 나타났다. 그리고, 최대성장속도는 온도 20°C, 염분 20 psu에서 0.50 day-1로 나타났고, 최대세포밀도는 온도 25°C, 염분 30 psu에서 1,372 cells mL-1였다. 이 결과는 A. sanguinea가 가을철에 한국 연안에서 최대 증식을 보일 수 있다는 것을 나타낸다.
Abstract
The morphological characteristics of the bloom-forming dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea isolated from Jangmok Harbour, Geoje in Korea was examined using light and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and its large subunit (LSU) rDNA was sequenced. Additionally, investigation was done on the effects of temperature and salinity on the growth of A. sanguinea. The cells were dorso-ventrally compressed up to 54.7-70.3 μm long and 31.5-48.5 μm wide. The epicone was conical while the hypocone was separated into two lobes. The nucleus was positioned at the center of the cell. The yellow-brown chloroplasts radiated close to the cell center. SEM observation indicated that A. sanguinea has an e-shaped apical groove. Molecular phylogeny based on LSU rDNA gene sequences revealed that the A. sanguinea strains isolated from Jangmok Harbor were classified in the clade of ribotype A. The maximum growth rate (0.50 day-1) was observed at 20°C and 20 psu, while the maximum cell density (1,372 cells mL-1) was observed at 25°C and 30 psu. This indicates that the blooms of A. sanguinea ribotype A in Korean coastal area are affected by water temperature, rather than the salinity.
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