갈조류 감태(Ecklonia cava Kjellman) 양식 개체군 형태 형질의 월 변화에 대한 고찰
A study on monthly changes in morphological characteristics of Ecklonia cava (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) aquaculture population
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본 연구는 다년생 갈조류인 감태(Ecklonia cava Kjellman)의 생장에 따른 형태 변화를 비교하여 주요 형질의 특성과 변이 폭을 규명하고자 하였다. 양식 개체군 관찰을 위한 조사는 전라남도 진도군 진도읍 수유리 양식장에서 2018년 4월부터 2019년 11월까지 수행하였다. 감태의 형태 형질은 1차엽, 2차엽, 줄기, 부착기의 형태와 특징에 관한 14개 측정 형질과 4개 비율값의 18개를 선별 조사하였다. 본 양성이 시작되는 유엽 단계는 피침상 또는 장타원형의 단순한 형태를 보였고, 3~4개월에는 짧은 줄기와 부착기 발달, 2차엽으로 발달하는 소엽 형성을 시작하였다. 5~7개월에는 1차엽 양쪽에서 2차엽이 불규칙적으로 발달하고, 8~10개월에는 1차엽 너비의 확대와 2차엽의 신장이 진행되었고, 11~12개월에는 2차엽이 장타원형을 이루며, 13~14개월에는 전체 엽면적이 확대되었다. 15~16개월에는 3차엽 열편이 형성되고, 엽체 모양이 훨씬 복잡해지고, 줄기와 부착기 너비도 증가하였다. 17~18개월에는 2차엽의 발달이 뚜렷해지면서, 열편이 발달한다. 19~20개월에는 3차엽이 다수 발달하고, 자연 개체군의 성숙한 개체와 유사한 형태를 이루었다. 주성분분석에서 양식 개체군의 1차년도(Q1)와 2차년도(Q2) 월별 개체군은 주성분 1(PC1)을 따라 나뉘는데, 2차엽 길이와 너비, 길이/너비, 2차엽 수, 2차엽 거치와 엽면 주름 무늬, 부착기 너비와 관련된다. 성체 모양을 갖는 2차년도 양식 개체군과 자연 개체군은 주성분 2를 따라 제주(J), 동해안(E), 남해안(S)의 순서로 분포하는데, 1차엽 길이와 너비, 줄기의 길이와 직경, 줄기 길이/1차엽 길이와 관련된다. 본 연구에서 조사한 양식 개체군의 형태 형성에 따른 월 변화와 성체의 특정 형질값은 감태의 품종 개발에 중요한 기준이 될 것으로 판단되었다.
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the morphological characteristics and variation in main traits by comparing the growth of individuals of Ecklonia cava Kjellman (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) under an aquaculture environment. This survey was conducted from April 2018 to November 2019 at the aquafarm in Jindo-gun, Jeollanam-do (South coast of Korea). To classify the morphology of individuals in the aquaculture farm of E. cava, we investigated fourteen morphological characteristics and calculated four ratios between the measured values. Juvenile individuals showed a simple or oblong lanceolate, and at 3-4 months, a short stipe and holdfast developed, along with a bladelet that developed into the secondary blade form. At 5-7 months, secondary blades were found to develop irregularly on the primary blade. At 8-10 months, the primary blade expanded and secondary blades elongated. At 11-12 months, the secondary blades became oblong. At 13-14 months, the thallus area expanded. At 15-16 months, tertiary blades were formed, the thallus became more complex, the stipe thickened, and the holdfast widened. At 17-18 months, secondary blades clearly developed along with lobes. At 19-20 months, tertiary blades developed and became similar to mature natural blades. In the principal component analysis (PCA), the monthly population of the first year (Q1) and that of the second year (Q2) of the cultured population were divided along PC1, which is related to secondary blade morphological characteristics and the holdfast width. Q2 and natural populations are distributed in descending order of volume in Jeju (J), East Coast (E), and South Coast (S) along PC2, which is related to primary blade and stipe morphological characteristics. The results of this study were judged to offer important criteria for the development of different varieties of E. cava.
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