칼납자루(Acheilognathus koreensis)의 서식처별 생태특성 및 건강도 차이
Difference in ecological characteristics and health status of oily bitterling (Acheilognathus koreensis) among habitats
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초록
고유종(endemic species)은 특정 지역 내에서 자연적으로 서식 및 생육하는 생물종으로 정의되며, 지역 절멸의 가능성이 높아 지속적인 관리가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 금강과 섬진강, 탐진강 수계에서 채집된 칼납자루 시료를 대상으로 안정동위원소 분석 기법과 전장-체중 관계(LWRs) 및 비만도 지수(K)를 바탕으로 각 서식처 개체군의 생태지위면적, 주요 먹이원과 서식지의 차이를 확인하고 생태특성, 성장 및 비만도를 비교하였다. 그 결과, 금강과 탐진강 칼납자루 개체군의 섭식특성은 유사한 반면, 섬진강에 서식하는 칼납자루는 부유성 먹이원의 기여도가 높은 것으로 나타나 다른 서식처 개체군과 먹이원의 차이가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 기저생물인 POM의 δ13C 차이를 감안하여 동위원소 면적을 보정(Δδ13CA.koreensis-POM)한 결과, 금강과 탐진강 개체군 간의 중첩 면적 비율은 증가하였다. LWR 결과, 부유성 먹이원의 기여도가 상대적으로 높은 것으로 판단되는 섬진강 서식 개체군의 b 값이 3.155로 성장도가 양호한 반면, 금강과 탐진강 개체군은 각각 2.888과 2.968 로 상대적으로 낮은 성장도를 보였다. K 값의 변동은 금강에서 개체군의 크기가 성장할수록 K 값이 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 섬진강은 개체군 크기 성장에 따른 K 값의 증가율이 가장 높게 나타나 LWRs의 b 값과 유사한 양상을 보였다. 본 연구는 각기 다른 칼납자루 서식지에서 주요 먹이원과 서식지 차이를 확인하고, 각 개체군의 생태특성과 성장 및 비만도를 비교하여 효율적이고 안정적인 칼납자루 개체군 및 서식처의 관리와 보전에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
Endemic species are defined as taxa that naturally inhabit and grow within a specific area. Because they easily face regional extinction, continuous management is required. In this study, stable isotope analysis, length-weight relationships (LWRs), and condition factor (K) estimation were applied to oily bitterling Acheilognathus koreensis inhabiting three representative rivers including the Geum River basin, Seomjin River basin, and Tamjin River basin to compare ecological property and related biological conditions. Based on the corrected isotope value to account for difference in carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) of POM, Δδ13CA.koreensis-POM, estimated isotope niche areas of A. koreensis between Geum and Tamjin River populations were highly overlapped while those of the Seomjin River population were discriminated from other habitats, indicating differences in major diet sources among habitats. In addition, LWRs for the Seomjin River population showed a good growth with a b value of 3.155 compared to Geum and Tamjin River populations which showed relatively low growth rates of 2.888 and 2.968, respectively. Fluctuation of the K value of the A. koreensis tended to decrease with growth in the Geum River while that of the Seomjin River population exhibited the highest increasing trend. This study confirmed differences in diet resources among habitats for A. koreensis, which resulted growth and fatness variations for each population. Our results can be used as basic information for effective conservation and management strategies of A. koreensis populations.
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