한강 수계에서 식물플랑크톤 군집의 시·공간적 변동 특성과 환경요인 연구: 2021년 5월부터 2022년 3월 중심으로
Investigation of spatial and temporal variations of phytoplankton communities in the Hangang River system from 2021 May to 2022 March
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초록
본 연구에서는 팔당댐 하류로부터 서울을 관통하는 한강수계에서 8개의 정점에서 2021년에는 5월, 7월, 8월, 10월, 11월과 12월, 2022년에는 2월과 3월에 각 1회씩 총 8회에 걸쳐 식물플랑크톤 군집에 대한 조사를 실시하였다. 한강수계에서는 식물플랑크톤이 총 71종이 출현하였는데, 돌말류는 36종, 녹조류 24종, 남조류 5종, 와편모조류 3종, 은편모조류 2종, 황조류 1종이었다. 식물플랑크톤의 평균 현존량은 3,560 cells mL-1였으며, 돌말류는 2,809 cells mL-1 (78.9%)로 가장 우점하였고 남조류 394 cells mL-1 (11.1%), 녹조류 212 cells mL-1 (6.0%)의 순으로 이 3개의 분류군의 합은 96.0%로 최우점하였다. 식물플랑크톤 중에서 현존량에서 가장 우점하였던 종은 돌말류인 Aulacoseira granulata로 평균 1,616 cells mL-1 (45.4%)가 출현하였으며, 다음으로 Stephanodiscus hantzschii가 420 cells mL-1 (11.8%), Asterionella formosa가 223 cells mL-1 (6.3%), Fragilaria crotonensis가 221 cells mL-1 (6.2%), 남조류인 Phormidium tenue가 383 cells mL-1 (10.8%)의 순으로 우점하였다. 한강수계에 서식하는 식물플랑크톤의 공간분포 특성을 분석한 결과 가장 상류에 위치한 Group A (St. 1~4), 중류에 위치한 Group B (St. 5~7), 가장 하류에 위치한 Group C (St. 8)로 구분되었다. 또한 계절적 변화에 따른 유사성을 분석한 결과에서 수온이 상대적으로 높은 봄철과 여름철인 Group A (5, 7, 8, 10월), 가을철인 Group B (11, 12월), 겨울철인 Group C (2, 3월)로 구분되었다. 한강의 상류와 중류 구간에서는 A. granulata, A. formosa, F. crotonensis가 우점하였고 하류로 갈수록 오염지표종인 S. hantzschii가 우점하였다. 계절의 변화에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 환경요인은 수온과 용존산소로 비교적 수온이 높은 시기에는 A. granulata와 F. crotonensis가 우점하고 가을철에는 A. granulata, P. tenue와 S. hantzschii가 우점하는 것으로 나타나 A. granulata는 한강수계에서 봄철부터 가을철까지 현존량이 가장 높은 지표종으로 분석되었다. 반면 수온이 가장 낮은 겨울철에는 S. hantzschii가 가장 우점한 것으로 나타나 가을철부터 봄철까지 S. hantzschii가 한강수계에서 현존량이 높은 지표종으로 분석되었다.
Abstract
The Hangang River, serving as the primary water supply source for the capital region of South Korea, plays a vital role in sustaining regional ecosystems and ensuring water quality. Phytoplankton are integral to the maintenance of aquatic ecosystems and function as bioindicators of water contamination; however, the species-level composition and environmental interactions of phytoplankton in the Hangang River remain inadequately characterized. This study investigated the phytoplankton communities within the Hangang River system across eight sampling stations over eight sampling events from May 2021 to March 2022. A total of 71 species were identified, yielding a density of 3,560 cells mL-1, with Bacillariophyceae (36 species, 2,809 cells mL-1), Chlorophyceae (24 species, 212 cells mL-1), and Cyanophyceae (5 species, 394 cells mL-1) identified as the dominant groups. The most abundant species was Aulacoseira granulata (1,616 cells mL-1, 45.4%), followed by Stephanodiscus hantzschii (420 cells mL-1, 11.8%) and Phormidium tenue (383 cells mL-1, 10.8%). Spatial similarity analysis of the phytoplankton communities revealed three distinct groups: Group A (stations 1-4, upstream), Group B (stations 5-7, midstream), and Group C (station 8, downstream). Seasonal similarity analysis further categorized the communities into three groups: Group A (May, July, August, and October 2021), Group B (November and December 2021), and Group C (February and March 2022). These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the spatial and seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton in the Hangang River system.
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