한국산 소하성 어류 황어 Tribolodon hakonensis 후각기관의 해부·조직학적 연구
The anatomical and histological study of the olfactory organ in the Korean anadromous fish, sea rundace Tribolodon hakonensis (Cypriniformes, Leuciscinae)
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초록
황어 (Tribolodon hakonensis)는 산란기인 봄에 하천으로 소상하는 소하성 어류로 회유에 있어 후각은 수환경에 녹아있는 후각 요소를 감지하는 데에 있어 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구는 2021년 3~4월에 소상한 한국산 황어의 후각기관의 형태와 조직학적 연구를 수행하였다. 황어의 후각기관의 외부 형태는 주둥이 위에 한 쌍의 반원형의 전비공과 후비공, 비경계판으로 구성되고 비강에는 후선으로부터 뻗어 나온 30~34개의 후판이 타원형의 로제트 형태를 띠고 있었다. 감각 상피의 두께는 49.70±7.49 µm (range: 39.35~64.58 µm)로 후판 말단 전까지 연속분포하며 후감각뉴런, 지지세포, 기저세포, 섬모로 구성되어 있었다. 비감각 상피의 두께는 48.74±5.40 µm (range: 38.06~59.24 µm)로 후판의 말단에만 존재하며 층상상피세포와 기저세포가 확인되었다. 한편 점액세포, 점액, 림프구는 두 상피에서 모두 나타났다. 본 연구 결과, 황어의 후각기관의 특징은 중층을 헤엄치는 어류의 생태적인 특성과 적합해 보이며 추후 황어속의 분류학적 기초 자료로써 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
The Tribolodon hakonensis is an anadromous fish that migrates to freshwater for spawning in spring. During this upstream migration, olfaction plays a crucial role by sensing olfactory cues dissolved in the aquatic environment. This study involved anatomical and histological analyses of the olfactory organ in the sea rundace Tri bolodon hakonensis during the spawning season, from March to April 2021, in Korea. Anatomically, the external morphology of the olfactory organ comprises a pair of semicircular anterior nostrils, posterior nostrils, and nasal flaps on the snout. Internally, each olfactory organ contains an oval rosette consisting of 30 to 34 lamellae within the olfactory chamber. Histologically, the sensory epithelium exhibits a continuous distribution pattern with a thickness of 49.70±7.49 μm (range: 39.35 to 64.58 μm) extending from the anterior part to the terminal part of the olfactory lamella. This epithelium contains olfactory receptor neurons, supporting cells, basal cells, and cilia. The non-sensory epithelium, located at the terminal part, has a thickness of 48.74±5.40 μm (range: 38.06 to 59.24 μm) and features stratified epithelial cells and basal cells. Mucous cells, mucus, and lymphatic cells are found in both the sensory and non-sensory epithelia. Based on these results, the olfactory characteristics of T. hakonensis are considered suitable for its ecological traits that facilitate swimming through the middle layer of the water column. These findings could be served as foundational taxonomic data for the genus.
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