수온 상승에 따른 게바다말의 광합성 및 호흡률 변화
Photosynthetic and respiratory responses of the surfgrass, Phyllospadix japonicus, to the rising water temperature
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초록
우리나라 동해와 남해 연안에 주로 분포하는 게바다말의 수온 상승에 따른 탄소수지 변화를 예측하기 위하여 5°C에서 30°C까지의 수온에서 5°C 간격으로 광합성과 호흡률을 측정하였다. 광합성 매개변수 중 광합성 효율 (α)을 제외한 최대광합성률 (Pmax)과 보상광도 (Ic), 포화광도(Ik)가 수온이 상승함에 따라 증가하였으며, 호흡률 (R) 또한 수온 상승에 따라 증가하였다. 가장 높은 수온 (30°C)에서 Pmax와 Ik는 급격히 감소하였으나, 반면에 Ic와 호흡률은 지속적으로 증가하였다. Pmax : R ratio는 가장 높은 수온(30°C)에서 최소값을, 가장 낮은 수온 (5°C)에서 최대값을 보였다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 게바다말이 양의 탄소수지를 유지하기 위해 필요한 일일 포화광도 시간 (Hsat)을 계산한 결과, 5°C에서는 2.50시간 이상, 30°C에서는 10.61시간 이상이 요구되어, 수온이 상승할수록 더 많은 시간의 포화광도 (Hsat)가 요구되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 수온이 꾸준히 상승되어 여름철 고수온이 장기간 지속되면 우리 연안 게바다말 생육지의 분포에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단되었다.
Abstract
Photosynthesis and respiration of seagrasses are mainly controlled by water temperature. In this study, the photosynthetic physiology and respiratory changes of the Asian surfgrass Phyllospadix japonicus, which is mainly distributed on the eastern and southern coasts of Korea, were investigated in response to changing water temperature (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C) by conducting mesocosm experiments. Photosynthetic parameters (maximum photosynthetic rate, Pmax; compensation irradiance, Ic; and saturation irradiance, Ik) and respiration rate of surfgrass increased with rising water temperature, whereas photosynthetic efficiency (α) was fairly constant among the water temperature conditions. The Pmax and Ik dramatically decreased under the highest water temperature condition (30°C), whereas the Ic and respiration rate increased continuously with the increasing water temperature. Ratios of maximum photosynthetic rates to respiration rates (Pmax : R ) were highest at 5°C and declined markedly at higher temperatures with the lowest ratio at 30°C. The minimum requirement of Hsat (the daily period of irradiance saturated photosynthesis) of P. japonicus was 2.5 hours at 5°C and 10.6 hours at 30°C for the positive carbon balance. Because longer Hsat was required for the positive carbon balance of P. japonicus under the increased water temperature, the rising water temperature should have negatively affected the growth, distribution, and survival of P. japonicus on the coast of Korea. Since the temperature in the temperate coastal waters is rising gradually due to global warming, the results of this study could provide insights into surfgrass responses to future severe sea warming and light attenuation.
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