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이식수목의 현황 평가를 위한 위성영상 기반 원격탐사 식생지수 적용 연구

Application of satellite remote sensing-based vegetation index for evaluation of transplanted tree status

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초록

우리나라는 산림이 64%에 이르기 때문에 개발사업에 의한 산림훼손이 불가피하다. 이에 대한 방안으로 환경영향평가 제도에서는 훼손되는 수목량의 10%를 재활용 및 이식하도록 하고 있다. 그러나 환경적 요건이 고려되지 않아 이식성공률이 저조하고 가이식장 운영이 잘 되지 않아 수목이 고사하는 등 문제가 지속적으로 발생하고 있다. 이러한 실태를 파악하기 위해서는 현장조사가 필수적이나 시간 및 공간적 한계가 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 원격탐사 기반의 식생지수를 적용하여 개발사업으로 인해 발생하는 이식수목 현황의 시계열적 변화를 탐지하고 원격탐사의 적용성 평가를 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 위성영상을 분석하여 가이식장 면적을 구축하고 이식 전, 후 식생지수의 시계열 변화를 분석하여 식생 상태를 도출하였다. 연구 결과는 현장조사를 통한 이식수목의 고사율 및 활력도와 위성영상 기반으로 한 가이식 전 후의 식생지수 변화 분석의 결과가 유사한 경향성을 나타내었다. 이에 따라 가이식장에 수목 이식 후에는 가이식장 범위의 녹색 식물의 상대적 분포량과 활동성이 증가하고 시간이 지남에 따라 수목 고사 및 활력도 감소로 인해 낮아지는 것을 규명하였다. 본 연구를 통해 위성영상에 기반한 이식수목 평가 방법을 제시하였으나, 실제 평가에 적용하기 위해서는 보다 정량적인 방법론을 개발할 필요가 있을 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구는 원격탐사 기법인 위성영상과 식생지수를 활용하여 보다 전국에 분포한 이식수목의 변화를 탐지하여, 개발사업으로 인해 시행되는 환경영향평가 제도의 수목 이식이 제대로 수행되고 산림 파괴에 효과적인 저감 대책을 마련하는 데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Abstract

Forest destruction is an inevitable result of the development processes. According to the environmental impact assessment, over 10% of the destroyed trees need to be recycled and transplanted to minimize the impact of forest destruction. However, the rate of successful transplantation is low, leading to a high rate of tree death. This is attributable to a lack of consideration for environmental factors when choosing a temporary site for transplantation and inadequate management. To monitor transplanted trees, a field survey is essential; however, the spatio-temporal aspect is limited. This study evaluated the applicability of remote sensing for the effective monitoring of transplanted trees. Vegetation indices based on satellite remote sensing were derived to detect time-series changes in the status of the transplanted trees at three temporary transplantation sites. The mortality rate and vitality of transplanted trees before and after the transplant have a similar tendency to the changes in the vegetation indicators. The findings of this study showed that vegetation indices increased after transplantation of trees and decreased as the death rate increased and vitality decreased over time. This study presents a method for assessing newly transplanted trees using satellite images. The approach of utilizing satellite photos and the vegetation index is expected to detect changes in trees that have been transplanted across the country and help to manage tree transplantation for the environmental impact assessment.

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