무기질비료의 장기연용이 토양생물 및 먹이연쇄에 미치는 영향
Effect of Continuous use of Inorganic Fertilizer on the Soil Organisms and Food Chain
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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of three components (NPK) of chemical fertilizers with basal application of compost on soil organisms. METHODS AND RESULTS: The soil was treated with five treatments continuously for 15 years: control, PK, NK, NP and NPK. The application of N increased plant growth or biomass, and enhanced organic matter content in the soils. Levels of microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in the soils did not show marked differences among the soils treated with different treatments. However, the principal component analysis showed the changes in the structure of the microbial community in the soil, depending on treatments added. Nitrogen application caused a decrease of pH and an increase of EC in the soils, and these environmental stresses appeared to offset the promoting effect of increased organic matter content on microbial abundance. The abundance of bacterivorous nematodes was the highest in the soils after treating NPK; however, the abundance of fungivorous nematodes was unaffected. There was no significant correlation between the abundances of microbial groups and their feeders. Organic matter content was significantly correlated with the abundance of nematodes in the soils. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that chemical fertilizers affect the soil food chains through both biotic and abiotic factors, and a trophic cascade in the soils may not occur in response to long-term fertilization.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of three components (NPK) of chemical fertilizers with basal application of compost on soil organisms. METHODS AND RESULTS: The soil was treated with five treatments continuously for 15 years: control, PK, NK, NP and NPK. The application of N increased plant growth or biomass, and enhanced organic matter content in the soils. Levels of microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in the soils did not show marked differences among the soils treated with different treatments. However, the principal component analysis showed the changes in the structure of the microbial community in the soil, depending on treatments added. Nitrogen application caused a decrease of pH and an increase of EC in the soils, and these environmental stresses appeared to offset the promoting effect of increased organic matter content on microbial abundance. The abundance of bacterivorous nematodes was the highest in the soils after treating NPK; however, the abundance of fungivorous nematodes was unaffected. There was no significant correlation between the abundances of microbial groups and their feeders. Organic matter content was significantly correlated with the abundance of nematodes in the soils. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that chemical fertilizers affect the soil food chains through both biotic and abiotic factors, and a trophic cascade in the soils may not occur in response to long-term fertilization.
참고문헌 (36)
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