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국내 키위 주산지 토양 및 엽 화학성과 과실 특성

Soil and Leaf Chemical Properties and Fruit Quality in Kiwifruit Orchard

정경호|김홍림|이목희
한국환경농학회 (The Korean Society Of Environmental Agriculture)|2022.09|한국환경농학회지 (Agricultural and Environmental Sciences)|제41권 제3호|pp. 158-166|DOI https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2022.41.3.19

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키워드

SoilOrchardNutrientFruitKiwifruit
주제분류농학

초록

BACKGROUND: Kiwifruit is a fruit tree with relatively small cultivation area in Korea and researches on its soil and physiology are very limited compared to those on cul-tivar development. Therefore, there are limited in-formation for farmers to cope with the reduction in pro-ductivity due to various physiological disorders and pre-mature aging. This study was conducted to investigate the soil and leaf chemical properties, and fruit characteristics, which will be used as basic data for stable kiwifruit or-chard soil management. METHODS AND RESULTS: The soil and leaf chemical properties, and fruit characteristics were investigated for two years in 16 kiwifruit orchards growing ‘Hayward’ (Actinidia deliciosa) in Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam- do. Soil and leaf samples were collected in July and fruit quality was investigated by harvesting fruits about 170 days after full bloom. The average soil chemical proper-ties of kiwi orchards were generally higher than the rec-ommended level, except for pH, and especially, the ex-changeable potassium reached about 300% of the recom-mended level. The proportions of orchards that exceeded the recommended level of soil chemical properties were 63, 31, 100, 69, 94, 88 and 69% for pH, EC, organic con-tent, available phosphate, and exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium, respectively. Thirty-three per-cent of orchards had more than 100 mg/kg of nitrate nitro-gen in soil. Available phosphate in soil showed a sig-nificantly positive correlation with leaf nitrogen, phos-phoric acid and calcium content, but showed a sig-nificantly negative correlation with leaf potassium content. The magnesium content in the leaves was sig-nificantly correlated with soil pH. The highest fruit weight was observed in about 25 g/kg of leaf nitrogen content which could be attained when plants were grown on the soil containing about 100 mg/kg of nitrate nitrogen content. The average soluble solids content among 16 orchards was 9.58 °Brix at harvest and 13.9 °Brix after ripening, which increased about 45%, and the average fruit weight was about 110 g. CONCLUSION(S): For fruit quality, fruit soluble solids (sugar compounds) content was significantly correlated with leaf potassium content, fruit hardiness with leaf total nitrate, calcium and magnesium, and fruit titratable acid-ity with leaf magnesium; however, leaf calcium and mag-nesium negatively affect the soluble solids contents in fruits.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Kiwifruit is a fruit tree with relatively small cultivation area in Korea and researches on its soil and physiology are very limited compared to those on cul-tivar development. Therefore, there are limited in-formation for farmers to cope with the reduction in pro-ductivity due to various physiological disorders and pre-mature aging. This study was conducted to investigate the soil and leaf chemical properties, and fruit characteristics, which will be used as basic data for stable kiwifruit or-chard soil management. METHODS AND RESULTS: The soil and leaf chemical properties, and fruit characteristics were investigated for two years in 16 kiwifruit orchards growing ‘Hayward’ (Actinidia deliciosa) in Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam- do. Soil and leaf samples were collected in July and fruit quality was investigated by harvesting fruits about 170 days after full bloom. The average soil chemical proper-ties of kiwi orchards were generally higher than the rec-ommended level, except for pH, and especially, the ex-changeable potassium reached about 300% of the recom-mended level. The proportions of orchards that exceeded the recommended level of soil chemical properties were 63, 31, 100, 69, 94, 88 and 69% for pH, EC, organic con-tent, available phosphate, and exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium, respectively. Thirty-three per-cent of orchards had more than 100 mg/kg of nitrate nitro-gen in soil. Available phosphate in soil showed a sig-nificantly positive correlation with leaf nitrogen, phos-phoric acid and calcium content, but showed a sig-nificantly negative correlation with leaf potassium content. The magnesium content in the leaves was sig-nificantly correlated with soil pH. The highest fruit weight was observed in about 25 g/kg of leaf nitrogen content which could be attained when plants were grown on the soil containing about 100 mg/kg of nitrate nitrogen content. The average soluble solids content among 16 orchards was 9.58 °Brix at harvest and 13.9 °Brix after ripening, which increased about 45%, and the average fruit weight was about 110 g. CONCLUSION(S): For fruit quality, fruit soluble solids (sugar compounds) content was significantly correlated with leaf potassium content, fruit hardiness with leaf total nitrate, calcium and magnesium, and fruit titratable acid-ity with leaf magnesium; however, leaf calcium and mag-nesium negatively affect the soluble solids contents in fruits.

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