경증 알츠하이머형 치매환자의 시지각 및 반구협응 능력 검증
Perception of Movement and Interhemispheric Interaction in Alzheimer's Disease
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초록
본 연구는 경증 알츠하이머형 치매(Alzheimer's Disease; AD)환자들의 시지각 능력, 특히 움직임 지각 능력과 반구협응능력을 검증하고자 수행되었다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해서 시지각 실험과 시지각과 촉지각을 결합한 두 개의 실험을 실시하였다. 경증 AD집단의 수행능력을 정상노인집단과 대학생집단과 비교하여 검증하였다. 자극으로는 컴퓨터 그래픽으로 제작된 여러 개의 3차원적인 도형이 사용되었으며, 그래픽 자극과 동일하게 제작된 실물이 반응자극으로 사용되었다. 자극은 운동깊이효과(kinetic depth effect)를 이용하여 회전을 하면서, 배경으로부터 분리되었다. 시각실험에서는 시각 자극이 제시된 후, 그 자극과 동일한 물체를 반응자극 중에서 지적하여 식별하였으며, 촉각실험에서는 한 손을 이용하여 촉각으로 식별하였다. 경증 AD환자들에게서 시지각 능력 결함이 발견되었으며, 이러한 결과에 근거하여 시지각 능력 결함이 AD 초기부터 나타난다는 사실을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 AD의 조기진단에서 움직임 지각을 포함하는 보다 포괄적인 시지각 능력 측정의 중요성을 부각시킨다. 시각과 촉각의 두 정보를 통합하는 촉지각 실험에서는 경증AD집단이 정상노인집단에 비교할 때 현저한 수행능력의 장애를 보였다. 하지만 수행능력의 저하가 반구간 및 반구내 정보통합 조건 모두에서 나타났으며, 이러한 결과는 AD증상이 반구협응능력의 장애로부터 기인된다는 AD의 분리뇌 모형론자들의 주장을 지지하는 예측과는 부합되지 않았다. 본 연구결과를 현실생활에 연계하여 논의하였다.
Abstract
The present study examined visual deficits in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), with a special focus on the perception of movement. Eighteen patients with mild AD viewed displays containing eight volumetric objects. Equal numbers of younger and older adults served as the controls. Each object rendered in a random check texture-mapped image appeared on the monitor and underwent rotation against a background rendered in the same texture-mapped image. Texture density also varied as part of control. Wooden objects constructed in the same proportion were used as response stimuli. In the visual task, participants identified the matching wooden object as the one depicted graphically by pointing to it. In the tactile task, they identified the matching object after probing each response stimulus using only one hand. Because the displays were lateralized such that each stimulus object was presented in either the left or right visual field, the tactile task served to examine the interhemispheric interaction. The results of the visual task showed that patients with AD performed poorly in comparison to individuals in other groups. By contrast, the older adults and patients with AD both performed poorly on the tactile task, with the performance of the AD group deteriorating even further. The finding of poor performance on the visual task is consistent with the findings of similar studies demonstrating that AD affects several aspects of vision. The present results extended these results further to suggest that movement perception is impaired in AD. The equally poor performance on the tactile task investigating the intra and interhemispheric conditions indicates that there is no disproportionate impairment of cortical connectivity in AD, at least in the domain of visual processing. The results of this study demonstrate the need for a more comprehensive diagnostic measure of AD that encompasses a broader spectrum of visual functions than that examined by the measure currently available.
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