일반적 음식갈망-특질 척도(G-FCQ-T)의 타당화
Validation of the Korean Version of the General Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait(G-FCQ-T)
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초록
음식 갈망이란 ‘음식을 먹고자 하는 강한 욕구’로, 통제하기 어려운 섭식 행동의 기제를 설명한다. 본 연구에서는 일반적 음식갈망-특질 척도(General-Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait; G-FCQ-T, Nijs, Franken, & Muris, 2007)를 한국어로 번안하고, 심리측정적 속성을 분석하였다. 이 척도는 다양한 종류의 음식에 대한 욕구를 평가할 수 있어, 섭식 장애는 물론 정상인을 포함한 여러 집단에게 적용될 수 있다. 정상 집단 168명을 대상으로 척도를 실시하였으며, 내적 합치도는 전체문항에서 .875이었고, 하위 척도들은 .705에서 .850의 범위를 보였다. 25명을 대상으로 한 검사-재검사 간 신뢰도는 총점이 .85이고, 하위 척도들은 .61에서 .86으로 적절한 수준이었다. 변별 및 수렴타당도를 확인하고자 섭식 장애의 행동적 측면을 평가하는 척도들과 관련성을 살펴본 결과, 일반적 음식갈망-특질 척도(G-FCQ-T)는 과식 및 폭식을 평가하는 요인들과 유의한 상관을 보였으나, 음식 절제 행동을 측정하는 척도들과는 상관이 낮았다. 탐색적 요인 분석에서는 원판과 동일한 4요인 구조, 즉 음식에 대한 몰두, 통제 상실, 긍정적 결과 기대, 그리고 정서적 갈망이 도출되었다. 연구 결과, 일반적 음식갈망-특질 척도(G-FCQ-T)가 한 개인 내에서 시간에 안정적으로 경험하는 음식 갈망을 신뢰롭게 측정할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 음식 갈망은 생리적 상태 뿐 아니라 인지적 혹은 정서적 욕구와 관련된 다측면적인 동기 상태로 개념화됨을 확인하였다.
Abstract
Food craving is an ‘intense desire to eat’ that can explain the difficulty experienced by many people who try to restrain from eating. The purpose of this study was to test the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the General Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait (G-FCQ-T, Nijs, Franken, & Muris, 2007). It was developed to estimate the cravings for various types of food experienced by diverse clinical groups and everyday people. A total of 168 healthy undergraduate students and community participants completed the G-FCQ-T. The Cronbach's alpha for total score was .875 and ranged between .705 and .850 for the various subscales. Test-retest reliability was .85 for the total score and between .61 and .86 for the subscales. In the convergent and discriminant validation, the G-FCQ-T was correlated with scales concerning overeating and binge eating, but weakly or not related with dietary restraint scales. Consistent with the previous studies, factor analysis revealed four factors: preoccupation with food, loss of control, positive outcome expectancy, and emotional craving. These results indicated that the Korean version of the G-FCQ-T is a reliable tool for measuring trait-like food cravings. In addition, the results indicated that food craving is conceptualized as the multidimensional motivation in relation to cognitive and emotional processing.
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