Effect of the Anode-to-Cathode Distance on the Electrochemical Reduction in a LiCl-Li2O Molten Salt
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Electrochemical reductions of UO2 at various anode-to-cathode distances (1.3, 2.3, 3.2, 3.7 and 5.8 cm) were carried out to investigate the effect of the anode-to-cathode distance on the electrochemical reduction rate. The geometry of the electrolysis cell in this study, apart from the anode-to-cathode distance, was identical for all of the electrolysis runs. Porous UO2 pellets were electrolyzed by controlling a constant cell voltage in molten Li2O-LiCl at 650oC. A steel basket containing the porous UO2 pellets and a platinum plate were used as the cathode and anode, respectively. The metallic products were characterized by means of a thermogravimetric analyzer, an X-ray diffractometer and a scanning electron microscope. The electrolysis runs conducted during this study revealed that a short anode-to-cathode distance is advantageous to achieve a high current density and accelerate the electrochemical reduction process.
Abstract
Electrochemical reductions of UO2 at various anode-to-cathode distances (1.3, 2.3, 3.2, 3.7 and 5.8 cm) were carried out to investigate the effect of the anode-to-cathode distance on the electrochemical reduction rate. The geometry of the electrolysis cell in this study, apart from the anode-to-cathode distance, was identical for all of the electrolysis runs. Porous UO2 pellets were electrolyzed by controlling a constant cell voltage in molten Li2O-LiCl at 650oC. A steel basket containing the porous UO2 pellets and a platinum plate were used as the cathode and anode, respectively. The metallic products were characterized by means of a thermogravimetric analyzer, an X-ray diffractometer and a scanning electron microscope. The electrolysis runs conducted during this study revealed that a short anode-to-cathode distance is advantageous to achieve a high current density and accelerate the electrochemical reduction process.
참고문헌 (41)
- G. Z. Chen, "Direct electrochemical reduction of titanium dioxide to titanium in molten calcium chloride", Nature, 407, pp.361~ (2000)
- K. Yasuda, "Direct electrolytic reduction of solid SiO2 in molten CaCl2 for the production of solar grade silicon", Electrochim. Acta, 53, pp.106~ (2007)
- S. M. Jeong, "Characteristics of an electrochemical reduction of Ta2O5 for the preparation of metallic tantalum in a LiCl–Li2O molten salt", J. Alloy Compd, 440, pp.210~ (2007)
- S. I. Wang, "Electrochemical behavior of dissolved Fe2O3 in molten CaCl2-KF", J. Iron Steel Res, 16, pp.48~ (2008)
- M. Gibilaro, "Direct electroreduction of oxides in molten fluoride salts", Electrochim. Acta, 56, pp.5410~ (2011)
- D. Wang, "Electrochemical metallization of solid terbium oxide", Angew. Chem. Int, 45, pp.2384~ (2006)
- X. Y. Yan, "Production of niobium powder by direct electrochemical reduction of solid Nb2O5 in a eutectic CaCl2-NaCl melt", Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 33, pp.685~ (2002)
- Q. Xu, "A study of cathode improvement for electro-deoxidation of Nb2O5 in a eutectic CaCl2-NaCl melt at 1073K", J. Alloy Compd, 396, pp.288~ (2005)
- S. M. Jeong, "Preparation of metallic niobium from niobium pentoxide by an indirect electrochemical reduction in a LiCl-Li2O molten salt", J. Alloy Compd, 452, pp.27~ (2008)
- G. Z. Chen, "Direct electrolytic preparation of chromium powder", Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 35, pp.223~ (2004)
- E. Gordo, "Toward optimisation of electrolytic reduction of solid chromium oxide to chromium powder in molten chloride salts", Electrochim. Acta, 49, pp.2195~ (2004)
- B. Claux, "Electrochemical reduction of cerium oxide into metal", Electrochim. Acta, 56, pp.2771~ (2011)
- S. D. Herrmann, "Electrolytic reduction of spent nuclear oxide fuel as part of an integral process to separate and recover actinides from fission products", Sep. Sci. Tech, 41, pp.1965~ (2006)
- S. D. Herrmann, "Electrolytic reduction of spent light water reactor Fuel: Bench-scale experiment results", J. Nucl. Sci. Technol, 44, pp.36~ (2007)
- J. L. Willit, "Electrorefining of uranium and plutonium - a literature review", J. Nucl. Mater, 195, pp.229~ (1992)
- J. J. Laidler, "Development of pyroprocessing technology", Prog. Nucl. Energy, 31, pp.131~ (1997)
- R. W. Benedict, "EBR-II spent fuel treatment demonstration project status", Radwaste Magazine, 5, pp.23~ (1998)
- J. Serp., "Electrochemical behavior of plutonium ion in LiCl-KCl eutectic melts", J. Electroanal. Chem, 561, pp.143~ (2004)
- K. M. GOFF, "ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSING OF USED NUCLEAR FUEL", Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 43(4), pp.335~342 (2011), 한국원자력학회
- S. M. Jeong, "Electrolytic production of metallic uranium from U3O8 in a 20 kg-batch scale reactor", J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem, 268, pp.349~ (2006)
- TADASHI INOUE, "DEVELOPMENT OF PYROPROCESSING AND ITS FUTURE DIRECTION", Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 40(3), pp.183~190 (2008), 한국원자력학회
- J.-M. Hur, "Chemical behavior of fission products in the petrochemical process", Nucl. Eng. Technol, 162, pp.192~ (2008)
- S. Kitawaki, "Recovery of U-Pu alloy from MOX using pyroprocess series", Nucl. Technol, 162, pp.118~ (2008)
- M. F. Simpson, "Modeling the pyrochemical reduction of spent UO2 fuel in a pilot-scale reactor", Nucl. Technol, 162, pp.179~ (2008)
- JAE-HYUNG YOO, "A CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF PYROPROCESSING FOR RECOVERING ACTINIDES FROM SPENT OXIDE FUELS", Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 40(7), pp.581~592 (2008), 한국원자력학회
- KEE-CHAN SONG, "Status of Pyroprocessing Technology Development in Korea", Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 42(2), pp.131~144 (2010), 한국원자력학회
- Y. Sakamura, "Electrolytic reduction and electrorefining of uranium to develop pyrochemical reprocessing of oxide fuels", Nucl. Technol, 171, pp.266~ (2010)
- HANSOO LEE, "PYROPROCESSING TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AT KAERI", Nuclear Engineering and Technology, 43(4), pp.317~328 (2011), 한국원자력학회
- K. M. Goff, "Pyrochemical treatment of spent nuclear fuel", Proc. Global 2005, pp.364~ (2005)
- J.-M. Hur, "Metallization of U3O8 via catalytic electrochemical reduction with Li2O in LiCl molten salt", React. Kinet. Catal. Lett, 80, pp.217~ (2003)
- S. B. Park, "Characteristics of an integrated cathode assembly for the electrolytic reduction of uranium oxide in a LiCl-Li2O molten salt", J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem, 268, pp.489~ (2006)
- Y. Sakamura, "Electrochemical reduction of UO2 in molten CaCl2 or LiCl", J. Electrochem. Soc, 153, pp.D31~ (2006)
- Y. Sakamura, "Application of electrochemical reduction to produce metal fuel material form actinide oxides", Nucl. Technol, 162, pp.169~ (2008)
- D. Kasherman, "Effects of anode-cathode distance on the cell potential and electrical bath resistivity in an aluminium electrolysis cell with a sloping TiB2 composite cathode", J. Appl. Electrochem, 18, pp.863~ (1988)
- D. H. Andersen, "Study on the anodeto- cathode distance in an aluminum reduction cell"
- K. C. Pillai, "Studies on electrochemical recovery of silver from simulated waste water from Ag(II)", Ag(I) based mediated electrochemical oxidation process, 2008, pp.73, 1505~
- D. B. Gent, "Experimental design for one dimensional electrolytic reactive barrier for remediation of munition constituent in groundwater", Electrochim. Acta, 86, pp.130~ (2012)
- D. J. Fray, "Emerging molten salt technologies for metals production", JOM, 53, pp.26~39
- Allanore, A., "Molten oxide electrolysis for iron production: identification of key process parameters for large scale development", TMS Annual Meeting, pp.121~ (2001)
- S. M. Jeong, "Electrochemical reduction behavior of U3O8 powder in a LiCl molten salt", Electrochim. Acta, 55, pp.1749~ (2010)
- J.-H. Hur, "Underpotential deposition of Li in a molten LiCl–Li2O electrolyte for the electrochemical reduction of U from uranium oxides", Electrochem. Commun, 12, pp.706~ (2010)