대용량 에너지 저장시스템을 위한 나트륨 유황전지
Sodium Sulfur Battery for Energy Storage System
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초록
나트륨 유황전지(NAS)는 대용량 에너지 저장시스템(energy storage system, ESS) 중 하나로서, 최근 풍력에너지, 태양에너지, 해양에너지 등 그린재생에너지의 사용증가로 ESS에 대한 수요가 급증함에 따라 NAS 전지에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있다. NAS 전지는 에너지 밀도가 높고(납 축전지 밀도의 3배), 사이클 수명이 길고, 자가방전이 없어 대용량 전력저장 시스템에 적합하다. NAS 전지는 양극으로 황(Sulfur), 음극으로 나트륨(Na), 고체전해질 및 분리막으로 β"-알루미나(Al2O3)로 구성되어 있고, 양극 활물질인 황은 부도체이기 때문에 도전재인 탄소섬유(carbon felt)에 함침시켜 양극으로 사용해야 함으로, 양극재 구성 및 특성은 전지성능에 상당한 영향을 미치게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 NAS 전지의 구성, 다황화나트륨(Na2Sx, 방전생성물) 및 양극재의 특성, 전지 성능에 미치는 영향인자들에 대해서 알아보고자 한다.
Abstract
Sodium sulfur (NAS) battery is a high energy storage system (ESS). These days, as theuse of renewable green energy like wind energy, solar energy and ocean energy is rapidly increasing,the demand of ESS is increasing and NAS battery is considered to be one of the most promisingESS. Since NAS battery has a high energy density(3 times of lead acid battery), long cyclelife and no self-charge and discharge, it is a good candidate for ESS. A NAS battery consists ofsulfur as the positive electrode, sodium as the negative electrode and β"-alumina as the electrolyteand a separator simultaneously. Since sulfur is an insulator, carbon felt should be used as conductorwith sulfur and so the composition and property of the cathode could largely influence the cellperformance and life cycle. Therefore, in this paper, the composition of NAS battery, the propertyof carbon felt and sodium polysulfides (Na2Sx, intermediates of discharge), and the effects of thesefactors on cycle performance of cells are described in detail.
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