다양한 형태 및 구조의 망간산화물 및 망간수산화물 전구체로부터 합성한 LiMn2O4양극의 전기화학적 특성 연구
Electrochemical Characteristics of LiMn2O4 Cathodes Synthesized from Various Precursors of Manganese Oxide and Manganese Hydroxide
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리튬이온전지의 양극소재인 LiMn2O4를 다양한 모양과 크기의 망간산화물 및 망간수산화물 전구체를 사용해서 합성하였다. 첫 번째 단계로 수열합성법이나 침전법을 사용하여 α- MnO2, β-MnO2, Mn3O4, amorphous MnO2 및 Mn(OH)2 등의 전구체를 합성하였고, 두 번째 단계로 이들 전구체로부터 고상법을 사용하여 다양한 형태의 LiMn2O4를 제조하였다. 합성된 LiMn2O4의 특성은 주사전자현미경과 XRD Rietveld구조분석을 통해 확인하고, Li coin cell로 조립하여 전극특성을 측정하였다. 500 nm크기의 팔면체(nano-octahedron) LiMn2O4가 1 C-rate와 50 Crate에서 각각 107 mAh g−1, 99 mAh g−1의 높은 전지용량을 나타내며, 다양한 방전전류에서 가장 우수한 전기화학적 특성을 보인다. 3차원 팔면체 결정입자가 1차원 막대모양이나 2차원 판상모양의 다른 형태의 LiMn2O4보다 구조적 안정성도 우수한 것으로 평가된다. 또한 10 C-rate의 높은 전류로 500회 충·방전이 진행된 후에도 nano-octahedron LiMn2O4는 단지 5%의 용량감소(95% capacity retention)로 우수한 전극특성을 나타냈다.
Abstract
The LiMn2O4 cathodes for lithium ion battery were synthesized from various precursors of manganese oxides and manganese hydroxides. As the first step, nanosized precursors such as α-MnO2 (nano-sticks), β-MnO2 (nano-rods), Mn3O4 (nano-octahedra), amorphous MnO2(nano-spheres), and Mn(OH)2 (nano-plates) were prepared by a hydrothermal or a precipitation method. Spinel LiMn2O4 with various sizes and shapes were finally synthesized by a solid-state reaction method from the manganese precursors and LiOH. Nano-sized (500 nm)octahedron LiMn2O4 showed high capacities of 107 mAh g−1 and 99 mAh g−1 at 1 C- and 50C-rate, respectively. Three dimensional octahedral crystallites exhibit superior electrochemical characteristics to the other one-dimensional and two-dimensional shaped LiMn2O4 nanoparticles After 500 consecutive charge·discharge battery cycles at 10 C-rate with the nano-octahedron LiMn2O4 cathode, the capacity retention of 95% was observed, which is far better than any other morphologies studied in this work.
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