A Study on the Moral Justification of Killing in War: Focusing on Reductive Individualists’ Responses to the Responsibility Dilemma
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In this paper, my main goal is to evaluate reductive individualist responses to the responsibility dilemma on killing in war and to show reductive individualists fail to solve the responsibility dilemma as long as they stay within an individualistic framework. Michael Walzer argues for “Moral equality of combatants”(MEC) which is the thesis that both just and unjust combatants in war face the same moral liabilities, permissions, and constraints, irrespective of whether their cause is just or not. Recently, however, MEC has been challenged by Jeff McMahan and other reductive individualists. McMahan argues that an individualized-liability account for a moral principle of killing in war. His idea relies on reductive individualism and shows that unjust combatants cannot be the moral equals of just combatants. However, the problem is that, if McMahan’s individualized criterion for liability is correct, we have to choose between the view that many unjust combatants are not liable to be killed and the view that unjust noncombatants are liable to be killed. However, both views are implausible. Therefore, McMahan’s account faces a dilemma—“the responsibility dilemma.” McMahan and other individualists hope to provide answers to this dilemma. However, I think their attempts have failed. In order to show that, I will raise enough problems about the liability-based accounts of individualists to solve the responsibility dilemma.
Abstract
In this paper, my main goal is to evaluate reductive individualist responses to the responsibility dilemma on killing in war and to show reductive individualists fail to solve the responsibility dilemma as long as they stay within an individualistic framework. Michael Walzer argues for “Moral equality of combatants”(MEC) which is the thesis that both just and unjust combatants in war face the same moral liabilities, permissions, and constraints, irrespective of whether their cause is just or not. Recently, however, MEC has been challenged by Jeff McMahan and other reductive individualists. McMahan argues that an individualized-liability account for a moral principle of killing in war. His idea relies on reductive individualism and shows that unjust combatants cannot be the moral equals of just combatants. However, the problem is that, if McMahan’s individualized criterion for liability is correct, we have to choose between the view that many unjust combatants are not liable to be killed and the view that unjust noncombatants are liable to be killed. However, both views are implausible. Therefore, McMahan’s account faces a dilemma—“the responsibility dilemma.” McMahan and other individualists hope to provide answers to this dilemma. However, I think their attempts have failed. In order to show that, I will raise enough problems about the liability-based accounts of individualists to solve the responsibility dilemma.
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