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강화민감성이 도박 행동에 미치는 영향: 도박의 시작과 지속을 중심으로

Effects of Reinforcement Sensitivity on Development and Maintenance of Gambling Behaviors

이인혜|김태연
한국임상심리학회 (Korean Clinical Psychology Association)|2010.08|Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology|제29권 제3호|pp. 685-707|DOI 10.15842/kjcp.2010.29.3.003

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참고문헌

키워드

도박BASBISFFFSIowa Gambling Task강화민감성 이론Iowa 도박과제Reinforcement Sensitivity Theorygambling
주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 개정된 강화민감성 이론을 적용하여 행동접근 체계(Behavioral Approach System: BAS), 행동억제 체계(Behavioral Inhibition System: BIS), 투쟁-도피-동결 체계(Fight-Flight-Freeze System: FFFS)가 도박의 시작과 지속에 주는 영향을 알아보고자 시도되었다. 연구 1에서는 대학생 764명에게 강화민감성 측정도구인 SPSRQ(Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire)를 실시하여 개정 이전의 BIS를 측정하는 SP 척도가 개정된 FFFS와 BIS를 반영함을 탐색적 요인분석을 통해 확인하였다. 또한 BAS가 높은 참가자들이 도박친화성이 높았으며, 도박 경험이 많은 집단이 적은 집단보다 BAS가 높다는 것을 확인하였다. 연구 2에서는 BAS 상위 10%에 해당하는 57명에게 수정된 Iowa 도박과제를 실시하여 총 수행횟수, 반응시간, 유리한 패와 불리한 패 선택비율의 차이, 최종 이익금액에 대한 FFFS와 BIS의 회귀모형을 검증한 결과, 최종 이익금액에서 FFFS와 BIS가 유의미한 예측변인으로 확인되었고, 그 설명력은 14.1%였다. 결과들을 종합해 보면, 1) 보상민감성을 반영하는 BAS가 높을수록 도박에 대해 친화적인 태도를 보이고 도박 경험을 더 많이 했으므로 BAS는 도박의 시작에 영향을 주었다. 2) 갈등상황에서 위협자극으로부터 멀어지려는 FFFS는 낮고 위협자극에 접근하여 탐색하려는 BIS는 높을수록 도박과제에서 더 많은 돈을 잃었으므로, 이를 통해 처벌에 민감하지만 방어적 방향 면에서는 서로 상반되는 FFFS와 BIS가 도박과제의 수행(지속)에 차별적으로 영향을 미쳤음을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 개정된 강화민감성 이론의 세 가지 요인인 BAS, BIS, FFFS가 도박의 시작과 지속에 서로 다른 영향을 준다는 것이 확인되었다.

Abstract

The present studies aimed to investigate the effects of the BAS (Behavioral Approach System or Behavioral Activation System), BIS (Behavioral Inhibition System), and FFFS (Fight-Flight-Freeze System), in the revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST), on the development and maintenance of gambling behaviors. Study 1 identified two rRST factors in the SP (Sensitivity to Punishment) scale of the SPSRQ (Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire), which measures original BIS, and examined the relationship between BAS and the beginning of gambling among 764 undergraduates. We used exploratory factor analysis to show the presence of FFFS and BIS in SP. We found BAS, as measured by SR, correlated positively with the K-GABS (Korean Gambling Attitudes and Beliefs Scale), which reflects the individual's affinity for gambling, and also found a significant difference in BAS between students who gambled more than once a month and students who did not gamble. Study 2 examined the relationship between both FFFS and BIS and performance on the modified Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) in a sample of 57 participants with high BAS scores from study 1. We calculated 4 separate multiple regression analyses using FFFS and BIS as predictors and 4 measures on the modified IGT as dependent variables. FFFS and BIS explained a significant amount of variance regarding the gaining of money; however, they failed to reach significance as predictors of total count, reaction time, and net gain-ratio (good deck-bad deck). From these results, we suggest that high BAS can influence the start of gambling, and low FFFS and high BIS can influence an individual to lose more money while gambling. We discuss the limitations of these studies and implications for future research.

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