Hedge Funds and Financial Stability in Global Financial Markets
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헤지펀드는 그 특성상 잘 운용될 경우 국제금융시장에서 상당히 긍정적인 역할을 할 수있으나, 그 반대의 경우에는 금융시장에 미치는 충격이 매우 크다. 비근한 예로 미국 금융시장 및 전 세계 금융시장에 많은 충격을 가져왔던 LTCM의 파산을 들 수 있겠다. 또한,미국의 서브프라임 모기지로 인한 금융 위기 당시 베어스턴스사 헤지펀드의 파산으로 촉발된 리먼 브러더스 그룹과 여러 금융 그룹들의 몰락은 국제 금융시장에서의 헤지펀드의 영향력을 직, 간접적으로 보여준 예라 할 수 있겠다. 이러한 이유로, 금융 위기의 미국을 포함 유럽 등의 금융 선진국은 헤지펀드의 규제를한층 높여가는 추세이다. 미국은 오바마 대통령의 주도로 도드-프랭크 법안을 통해서 헤지펀드의 규제를 강화하고 있다. 하지만, 헤지펀드는 그 특성상 다른 집합투자기구와 달리 직접적인 규제방식이 효과를 거두기가 힘들다. 이 논문에서는 직접적인 규제방식의 한계성을지적하고 그 대안으로 시장 규율을 통한 간접적인 규제 방식이 더욱 효율적인 규제 방식임을 제시하겠다. 그 첫째는, 헤지펀드의 가장 중요한 거래상대방 이라 할 수 있는 은행을 통한 헤지펀드의 간접적인 규제방법이다. 구체적으로 바젤2를 기반(장기적으로 바젤3)으로 국제금융시장에서 헤지펀드가 야기할 수 있는 위험을 규제할 수 있을 것이다. 국제 금융기관들과 국가들의 적절한 공조를 통해서 바젤2를 국제금융시장에 따라 개선하여 철저하게 이행하여 나간다면, 헤지펀드의 거래상대방인 은행을 중심으로 국제금융시장의 안정성을 곤고히 할 수 있을 것이다. 또 다른 중요 거래상대방인 프라임브로커를 통한 규제도 효율적일 것이다. 프라임브로커를 철저히 모니터링하고 때로는 관련 제도의 정비를 통해서 헤지펀드를 적절히 규제할 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 헤지펀드 스스로의 정보 공개뿐만 아니라 거래상대방들과 투자자들을 통한 정보 공개를 통한 헤지펀드의 신용 위험을 면밀히 분석함으로써 금융 안정을유지할 수 있을 것이다.
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