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CISG 개선 필요성에 관한 연구 －CISG 40주년, 국제거래법학회 30주년을 기념하며－

Is Now the Ripe Time to ‘Fix’ the CISG? －In Celebration of the 40th Anniversary of the CISG and the 30th Anniversary of KITLA－

김규진
국제거래법학회 (Korea International Trade Law Association)|2021.12|국제거래법연구 (Korean Forum on International Trade and Business Law)|제30권 제2호|pp. 1-44|DOI 10.23068/KJITBL.2021.12.30.2.1

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키워드

CISGServitization제조업의 서비스화CISG 제3조2012년 스위스 제안재료의 중요한 부분의무의 주된부분CISG Article 32012 Swiss Proposalsubstantial part of the materialspreponderant part of the obligations
주제분류법학

초록

1980년 4월 11일에 채택된 ‘국제물품매매계약에 관한 국제연합 협약’((United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, 이하 ‘CISG’)은 작년인 2020년을 기점으로 40주년을 맞이하였다. 2021년 말 현재 기준으로 총 94개국이 가입되어 있는CISG는 계약법에 대한 국제통일규범의 대표적인 성공작이다. 그러나 이러한 성공에도 불구하고 동 협약이 체결된 후 40여년이 흘렀다는 사실은 과연 현재의 CISG에 개선의 여지 혹은 필요성은 없는지를 고민해보게 한다. 이러한 문제의식을 바탕으로 이 논문은 CISG 채택후 40여년의 시간이 지난 현재, CISG가 과연 현재와 같이 개선 없이 유지되어도 괜찮은지, 아니면 개선이 필요할지에 대하여 알아보았다. 이를 위하여 먼저 1920년대로 거슬러 올라가 CISG의 태동에서부터 1980년 채택까지의과정을 간단히 살펴보고, CISG 채택 이후 현재까지 냉전의 종식, 세계화, 기술발전 등 국제거래와 관련하여 세계에 어떠한 주요 변화가 있어 왔는지도 살펴보았다. 그 다음으로 CISG 개선에 관한 기존 논의의 주요 쟁점을 정리해 보았고, 그 후 그러한 기존 논의가 미처 다루지 못한 새로운 논점에는 어떤 것이 있을지를 살펴보았다. 그리고 그러한 연구를 바탕으로CISG의 개선 필요성에 대한 평가 기준으로 법적 장애의 제거를 통한 거래비용 경감 여부, 적용 대상 및 범위의 적절성, 내용의 적절성이라는 세 가지 기준을 제시하였고, 그를 토대로 CISG에 대한 개선이 필요한지의 여부를 살펴보았으며, 필요하다고 판단할 경우 우선적으로 논의되어야 할 세부 쟁점이 무엇인지에 알아보았다. 결론적으로 이 논문은 앞으로 계속 심화될 제조업의 서비스화, 사물인터넷 산업, 기타 기술의 지속적인 발전 및 국제거래 구조의 근본적 변경 등을 예측해 볼 때 CISG의 개선은더 이상 늦출 수 없는 과제이며, 그러한 개선은 2012년 유엔 총회 본회의에서 스위스가 제안한 것과 같이 CISG를 PICC와 같이 계약법상 일반원칙을 총체적으로 규율하는 방향으로행해져야 하는 것이 아니라 지배적인 유형의 국제거래에 대한 법적 장애를 충분히 제거하는 데에 초점을 맞추어 주로 동 협약 제1조 내지 제3조 등에서 규율하고 있는 협약의 적용범위에 대한 논의를 중심으로 시급하게 추진되어야 한다고 판단하였다.

Abstract

The ‘United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods’ (hereinafter ‘CISG’), adopted on April 11, 1980, celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2020. The CISG, which has been adopted by a total of 94 countries as of the end of 2021, is known to be one of the most successful achievements of the efforts to harmonize and unify the laws related to international transactions. However, it has been more than 40 years since the Convention was adopted, and it seems to be inevitable to wonder if the time is now ripe to begin a concrete discussion on the need to ‘fix’, or improve, the CISG. To this end, this paper first goes back to the 1920s and briefly reviewed the process from the inception of the CISG to its adoption in 1980. Subsequently, this paper explores the major changes which have occurred in the world since the adoption of the CISG, such as the end of the Cold War, globalization, and technological developments. After such exploration, this paper summarizes the main issues of the traditional discussions on improving the CISG and also introduces some new issues that such existing discussions often failed to address. And based on such studies, this paper presents three(3) evaluation criteria for the determination of whether there is a need for improvement of the CISG. Those criteria are as follows: (1) whether the CISG reduces the transaction costs by removing legal obstacles to international transactions; (2) whether the scope of the current CISG is adequate; (3) whether the content of each provisions of the CISG is adequate. Applying such criteria, this paper concludes that the improvement of the CISG is necessary, and the discussions with regard to the improvement must begin without any delay. This is especially the case if we consider the continuous development of the servitization in the manufacturing industry and other technological developments relevant to international transactions. In addition, this paper proposes that the future discussions on the improvement of the CISG must, rather than focusing on turning the convention into a convention regulating general principles of contract law, focus on the issues that are directly relevant to removal of the legal obstacles to the prevailing type of international transactions, such as the scope of the application of the Convention.

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