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초국가화와 대학: 글로벌 모더니티의 관점

Transnationalization and the University: The Perspective of Global Modernity

아리프 딜릭
국학연구원 (Institute of Korean Studies)|2011.12|동방학지 (THE DONG BANG HAK CHI)|제156호|pp. 1-38

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참고문헌

키워드

다문화주의공익International Students인문학HumanitiesMulticulturalism고등교육Public InterestHigher Education초국가화Transnationalization국제학생비즈니스적 전환the Business Turn
주제분류기타인문학

초록

이 글에서 나는 고등교육의 초국가화를 뒤따르는 고등교육의 “비즈니스적 전환”이라는 문제를 논의한다. 고등교육에서 오늘날 전개되고 있는 과정은 기업의 영향력이라는 쟁점을 넘어선다. 그것을 살펴보면, 현재 진행되고 있는 과정이 다름 아니라 고등교육 제도를 비스니스로 리모델링하는 과정임을 알 수 있다. 교육기관의 이윤추구 경향이 고등교육에서 점점 더 우세해지고 있고, 컨설팅 회사는 교육제도의 작동이라는 영역에까지 판로를 확장하고 있으며, 대학은 비스니스 모델을 사용하여 초국가화를 추구하고 있고, 점점 더 많은 수의 국제학생들이 초국가적 비스니스를 위한 맞춤식 교육의 소비자로 떠오르고 있다. 주로 선진국 대학에 초점을 맞춘 이 논의에서 필자는 대학이 직면하고 있는 재정 문제와 초국가적 자본가 계급으로부터 유입되는 국제학생들의 이용가능성이 결합되어 고등교육의 계급적 성격이 강화되고 있다는 점을 지적한다. 그 결과 지난 2세기 동안 국민국가적 교육체제에서 대학의 공적 기능으로 간주되었던 것이 쇠퇴하고 있다. 이러한 발달경향은 고등교육의 내용에도 영향을 미쳤다. 특히 인문학에 대한 영향이 가장 뚜렷해서, 인문학은 세계 어디에서나 이런 발달과정의 압력에 시달리고 있는 것 같다.

Abstract

The discussion below takes up the question of “the business turn” that has accompanied the transnationalization of higher education. Contemporary developments in higher education go beyond issues of corporate influence. They suggest that what is at work is the remodeling of higher educational institutions as businesses. For-profit institutions have become increasingly prominent in higher education, consulting companies have made significant inroads into the operation of educational institutions, universities transnationalize by using business models, and an increasingly “international” student clientele have become consumers of education tailored to the needs of transnational business. Drawing most importantly on universities in developed societies, the discussion suggests that financial challenges facing universities, on the one hand, and the availability of an “international” student body drawn from the ranks of a “transnational capitalist class,” have combined to enhance the class character to higher education. The result is a decline in the public functions of the university as it has been conceived for the past two centuries under regimes of national education. These developments also have consequences for the content of higher education, most notably the humanities which would seem to be under pressure everywhere.

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