16세기 朝鮮의 朱子學 鄕政論 수용과 鄕約 - 鄕約의 시행 방식과 성격의 分岐를 중심으로 -

Abstract

In the 16th century Joseon, there were two trends for the origins and the implementation methods of the hyang’yak, and according to the trend, there was a difference in the organization and characteristics. The two trends can largely be divided into the trend that sought to unitarily distribute the hyang’yak around the country by making it a public organization at the national level, and the trend that sought to implement the hyang’yak individually as autonomous regulations of the sajok at the village level. The first trend strengthened the unitary and direct governing system within the hyangchon(rural village) by unifying the hyangchon governance into a unitary governing system of suryeong-hyang’yak(district-rural village) in which the hyang’yak would be connected to the five ruling family system(五家統) and the myeon and li system(面里制) to transform the hyang’yak into a public governing organization and the sajok directly and actively being incorporated into the central authority. However, the latter trend wanted to adhere to the autonomy of the sajok in hyang’chon through self-control using the hyang’yak as mediation. The intervention of the central government authority in accordance with the law would proceed by the premise that the suryeong and the provincial noble family was a relationship of government and people(官民) and sovereign and subject(君臣) on principle as a heteronomous vertical code. Thus, this trend made sajok to display morality and an attitude to cooperate with the suryeong autonomously by implementing hyang’yak at the level of one village, to mutually understand between sajok and the central government governing the hyangchon.