17세기 尹휴의 권력구조 개편론 -<公孤職掌圖說>의 三公三孤制를 중심으로-

Abstract

This study examines the political significance of Yun Hyu(1617～1680)’s ideas on remodeling governmental power structures in 17th century Chosŏn. Yun had suggested introducing the samgong samgo(三公三孤), a ministerial system of ancient China, to overcome the national crisis that had developed after two wars, one against Japan in 1592 and the other against the Qing Dynasty from 1627 to 1636. The samgong system that he proposed ordered first, the removal of the provisional governing council(Pibyŏnsa, 備邊司), and the reinstitution of the State Council(Ŭijŏngbu), the constitutionally highest governing office, which was comprised of the samgong samgo(three ministers, three independent figures). Second, the samgong system was to include additional posts for ministers of the six boards(六曹). Third, the Grand Councilor(t’aesa, 太師), who was one of the three ministers would be appointed prime minister of the six boards. Fourth, the Office of Remonstrance(諫官) would be removed and the samgong would reserve the sole right to advise the king. Yun Hyu’s proposal was meant to build a governing system that would mobilize the people and create an efficient bureaucracy to allow the dynasty to retaliate against the Qing. From a political perspective and in light of Yun’s political influence, this may be regarded as an attempt to destroy a factional political structure and unify the national agenda. However, his politics of mobilization and efficiency, achieved through a concentration of political power, also contained the danger of escalating into statism or in its ultimate stage, totalitarianism.