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외상경험과 양측성 안구운동이 외상 및 중성 기억에 미치는 영향: DRM 패러다임을 적용한 탐색적 연구

Effects of traumatic experience and bilateral eye movements on trauma-related and neutral memory: An exploratory study using the DRM paradigm

최윤경
한국임상심리학회 (Korean Clinical Psychology Association)|2012.05|Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology|제31권 제2호|pp. 607-630|DOI 10.15842/kjcp.2012.31.2.012

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참고문헌

키워드

DRM외상후 스트레스 장애외상trauma오기억안구운동post-traumatic stress disorderfalse memoryeye movements
주제분류심리과학

초록

외상후 스트레스 증상은 외상사건에 대한 역기능적 정보처리와 관련 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 양측성(수평) 안구운동은 EMDR(eye movement desensitization & reprocessing)에서 핵심적인 치료 요소이지만 작용기제가 이론적으로 명확하게 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구는 오기억을 유발하는 DRM(Deese-Roediger-McDermott; Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995) 패러다임을 사용해서 외상 경험 및 양측성 안구운동이 기억에 미치는 영향을 검증하기 위한 것이다. 이러한 목적을 이루기 위해 2개의 실험을 실시하였고, 주요 변인은 외상경험의 유무와 안구운동(피험자간 변인), 그리고 단어목록(피험자내 변인)이었고, 종속변인은 학습단어, 유인단어 및 무관련단어의 재인율과 각각의 반응시간이었다. 외상후 스트레스 진단척도에서 15점 이상(Foa, 1995)인 참가자는 외상군으로, 외상적 사건을 경험한 적이 없는 참가자는 통제군으로 분류하였다. 실험 결과, 외상군은 통제군에 비해 학습단어, 특히 중성단어의 정확재인율이 낮고 무관련단어에 대한 오경보율이 높고 반응시간이 느린 양상을 보였다(실험 1, 실험 2). 또한 양측성안구운동의 효과가 정확재인이나 오재인에서 두드러지지 않았으나 양측성(수평)안구운동을 수행한 외상군은 수직안구운동을 수행한 외상군에 비해 학습한 외상단어에 대한 반응시간이 지연되는 양상을 나타내었다(실험 2). 본 연구 결과의 임상적 함의와 제한점이 논의되었다.

Abstract

It is well-known that post-traumatic stress symptoms are associated with dysfunctional information processing of traumatic events. Until now, the role of bilateral(horizontal) eye movements, a core component of EMDR(eye movement desensitization & reprocessing), has not been theoretically clarified. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of traumatic experience and bilateral eye movements on trauma-related and neutral memory using a false memory paradigm originally developed by Deese(1959) and modified by Roediger and McDermott(1995). In order to achieve these goals, two experiments were performed. Main independent variables assessed were traumatic experience(traumatized vs. non-traumatized), eye movements(horizontal vs. vertical), and word lists(trauma-related vs. neutral). Dependent variables assessed were the correct recognition rate for studied words, the false recognition rate for critical lures, the false alarm rate for unrelated words, and the response times for each of the word lists. Participants were divided into two groups: a traumatized group who experienced a traumatic event and had at least moderate symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder(15 or above on Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale; Foa, 1995) and a non-traumatized group. The results show that traumatized participants generated less correct recognition of studied words and more false alarms of unrelated words than controls(Experiment 1 & Experiment 2). Further, bilateral eye movements were associated with a slower response time to previously presented trauma-related words among traumatized participants(Experiment 2). Limitations of the current study and implications for future research were also discussed.

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