전라도 보성 제주양씨가의 토지매득과 경영 ‒ 토지매매문서를 중심으로 ‒

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the documents related to the transactions of Jeju Yang family in Boseong, produced from the late Chosun dynasty to the early Japanese colonial era, and to examine how the family had grown up as the landlord, and how the family managed the purchased land. Documents related to the purchase of Jeju Yang family are 1,047 in total, and the amount is the biggest among the possession from a single family, with clear origins publicized so far. ‘New trade records(新文記)’, prepared when purchasing the land, and the ‘old trade records(舊文記)’, collected for securing the land ownership, were bound together also. New trade records of Jeju Yang family are 342 in total, arranged from the year 1834 to 1918. Types of purchased lands(地目) are farmland 295, rice paddy 223, mountain field(山地) 29, salty field (鹽釜) 7, and house facility 13. Farmland was mainly purchased in particular. Songgok-myeon, which had been the original living ground for Jeju Yang family, was purchased at the beginning. It was further expanded to the other regions in Boseong-gun after 1870. Further regions were also purchased since 1910. A new type of economic environment, which was the port opening at the moment, increased the value of the farmlands. Approachability became a crucial factor for the port-opening areas, for making sales on rice. Jeju Yang family reacted to this social change in a proactive way. Mountain fields and salty fields were concentrated onto Songgok-myeon, and the profit was made in supplying the firewood required for salt manufacture. Land management of Jeju Yang family is shown in the postscripts(追記), bands and supplementary documents which belonged to the new trade records. Contents consist of tenant farming for the farmlands and rice paddies, and of usury managements. Tenant farming took its method in principle as sharecropping(賭租). Leasing payment(地代) was estimated to be 1 ‘seok(石)’ per single site, regardless of periods and regions, and it was the actual amount which was being taken. When choosing the tenant farmer, the substitute landlord was appointed, or the existing tenant succeeded the load. Method of the usury management of Jeju Yang family comes from the promissory notes and the ‘evidential records’, which was prepared as a proof of lending money or grains. Interest was about 4~5 ‘poon(%)’ per month. This was higher than the legitimate interest, however, there was not much difference from other regions and from the examples for the other families. There were circumstances however when the debtor failed to make the payment, or when the rented land was returned to the family due to the late land payment from the tenant farmer.