시화호 인공습지에서 수생식물의 유기물 생산과 낙엽 분해
Primary Production and Litter Decomposition of Macrophytes in the Sihwa Constructed Wetlands
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초록
수생식물의 수처리 기능을 고려한 습지관리에 대한 정보를 제공하기 위하여 시화호 인공습지에서 유입수의 수질특성이다른 2개의 습지(동화천과 반월천 습지)를 대상으로 갈대와 애기부들의 생장특성, 유기물 생산량과 분해속도를 조사하였으며, 또한 유기물생산량과 분해량을 토대로 습지내로의 유기물 부하량을 추정하였다. 갈대와 애기부들의 길이생장은 기온이 상승하는 3월에 증가하여 7～8월에 최고치(갈대 340cm, 부들 320cm) 를 보였다. 경엽부의 밀도는 갈대가 100～170개체/m2의 범위로 애기부들의 밀도(최대 78 개체/m2)보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 갈대의 경엽부 최대 현존량은 1,350～1,980 g DM/m2의 범위로 반월천고습지에서 가장 컸고, 저습지에 비해 고습지에서 큰 것으로 나타났다. 한편 애기부들의현존량은 1,940 g DM/m2로서 반월천고습지 갈대의 최대 현존량과 비슷한 값을 보였다. 갈대의 유기물생산력은 반월천고습지 2,050 g DM/m2/yr > 동화천저습지 1,840 g DM/m2/yr > 반월천저습지 1,570 g DM/m2/yr ≒ 동화천고습지 1,540 g DM/m2/yr의순으로 나타났으며, 애기부들은 2,210 g DM/m2/yr로서 갈대보다 생산력이 높게 나타났다. 시화호 인공습지 갈대와 애기부들의 연간 총 유기물 생산량은 845 ton DM/yr (423 ton C/yr)이었으며, 이중 갈대에 의한 생산량이 90%를 차지했다. 수생식물의 낙엽분해 속도(k)는 갈대와 애기부들 모두 잎이 줄기보다 빠른 것으로 나타났다(갈대: 잎 0.0062/day, 줄기0.0018/day; 애기부들: 잎0.0031/day, 줄기 0.0018/day). 그리고 줄기 낙엽의 분해속도는 갈대와 애기부들이 같은 반면 잎의분해속도는 갈대가 애기부들보다 약 2배 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 수생식물의 연간 총 낙엽 분해량(285 ton C/yr, 연간 총유기물생산량의 67.3%)으로부터, 수생식물의 의해 생산된 유기물의 32.7%는 습지내에 퇴적되는 것으로 추정되었다.
Abstract
To provide the information for the wetland management considering the water treatment ability of macrophytes, the growth characteristics and primary production by reed (Phragmites australis) and cattail (Typha angustifolia), and the decomposition rate of organic matter produced were investigated in two sub-wetlands (Banweol and Donhwa wetlands)of the Sihwa Constructed Wetland (CW) with different chemistry of inflows. The shoot height of P. australis and Typha angustifolia began to increase in March, and reached its peaks in July and August (340cm and 320cm,respectively). The shoot density of P. australis ranging 100～170 EA/m2 was higher than that of T. angustifolia (max. 78EA/m2). Standing biomass of P. australis ranged from 1,350～1,980 g DM/m2, with maximal biomass in Banwol Upper Wetland. And it was larger in upper wetlands than lower wetlands. On the other hand standing biomass of T. angustifolia (1,940 g DM/m2) was similar to that of P. australis in Banwol Upper Wetland. Primary productivity of P. australis was in the order of Banwol Upper Wetland (2,050 g DM/m2/yr) > Donghwa Lower Wetland ( 1,840 g DM/m2/yr) >Banwol Lowerr Wetland (1,570 g DM/m2/yr) ≒ Donghwa Lower Wetland ( 1,540 g DM/m2/yr), and that of T. angustifolia (2,210 g DM/m2/yr) was higher than P. australis. Annual production of organic matter produced by P. australis and T. angustifolia was 845 ton DM/yr (423 ton C/yr), and about 90% was comprised of that by P. australis. From the litter decomposition rate (k) (P. australis: leaf 0.0062/day, stem 0.0018/day; T. angustifolia: leaf 0.0031/day, stem 0.0018/day),leaf was rapid degraded compare to stem in both P. australis and T. angustifolia. The litter decomposition rate of leaf was two times rapid P. australis than T. angustifolia, whereas that of stem was same in both. Annual litter decomposition amount of P. australis than T. angustifolia was 285 ton C/yr(67.3% of organic matter produced by macrophytes), indicating that 32.7% of organic matter produced by macrophytes is accumulated in the Sihwa CW.
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