복층여재 갈대 인공습지에 의한 생활하수 처리
Sewage Treatment Using a Double Media Reed Constructed Wetland
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초록
본 연구는 2단(수직 및 수평 흐름) 복층여재(모래와 제올라이트 그리고 모래와 굴 껍질) 갈대 인공습지에 생활하수를 간헐적으로 주입하였을 때 각 수질항목별 처리효율 평가이다. 하수는 수리학적 부하량 314 L/m2․day(수직 흐름 인공습지 기준)를 하루 4(10분 동안 주입 후 5시간 50분 동안 중단)회 균등하게 간헐적으로 주입하였다. 그 결과 유출수의 pH는 수평흐름 인공습지 굴 껍질 층의 높이에 크게 영향을 받았으며 굴 껍질 층의 높이가 200 ㎜일 때 pH 6.24를 보였다. DO(oxygen demand)는 유입수(0.19 ㎎/L)보다 수직 흐름 인공습지 유출수(7.65 ㎎/L)에서 높았다가 수평 흐름 인공습지 유출수(6.49 ㎎/L)에서는 다시 낮아졌다. 그리고 여름보다 겨울에 높았다. 또한 OTR(oxygen transfer rate)은 수직 흐름 인공습지 57.15 g O2/㎡ㆍday 그리고 수평 흐름 인공습지 5.65 g O2/㎡ㆍday로 나타났다. NH4+-N의 처리효율은 80.17% (유출수농도 6.01 ㎎/L)로 전부를 제올라이트로 충진하였을 경우(타 연구)와 비교하여 낮았지만 수직 흐름 인공습지 제올라이트300 mm 충진 층으로도 하수처리에서 요구되는 방류수질의 T-N 농도(20 ㎎/L)까지 안전성 있게 처리할 수 있을 것으로예측된다. 각 항목별 평균 처리효율은 유출수에서 SS 88.09%, BOD 88.12%, CODCr 83.11%, CODMn 85.58%, T-N 57.21%,NH4+-N 80.17%, T-P 86.73%를 보였다. NO3--N의 농도는 수직 흐름 인공습지 유출수에서 보다 수평 흐름 인공습지 유출수에서 감소하였다. 유출수 중 T-N의 반 이상이 NO3--N(7.92 ㎎/L)으로 잔존하였으며 NO2--N은 평균 0.90mg/L이었다. T-P의처리효율은 굴 껍질의 충진 층 높이가 800 ㎜에서 93.24%, 500 ㎜에서 86.30% 그리고 200 ㎜에서 55.44%로 굴 껍질 충진층의 높이에 비례하였다.
Abstract
A sewage was treated using a serially combined vertical(VFCW) and horizontal flow double media (sand and zeolite for VFCWand sand and waste oyster-shell for HFCW) reed constructed wetland(HFCW) with intermittent feeding (see Fig. 1). The sewagewas fed into the reed constructed wetland for 10 minutes every 6 hours at the hydraulic load of 314 L/㎡․day. The summarizedresults were as follows: pH values in the effluent depended very heavily on oyster-shell height filled in the HFCW. They weremaintained at less than pH 6.24 when the height of the oyster-shell layer was 200 mm. Influent DO(oxygen demand)values(average 0.19 ㎎/L) were increased in the VFCW(average 7.65 ㎎/L) and decreased again in the HFCW(average 6.49 ㎎/L). They were higher in the winter than in the summer. The OTR(oxygen transfer rate) was 57.15 g O2/㎡ㆍday in theVFCW and 5.65 g O2/㎡ㆍday in the HFCW. The removal efficiency of NH4+-N was 80.17%(6.01 NH4+-N ㎎/L in theeffluent). It was lower than that in the case where only zeolite was filled in the reed constructed wetland. But it was expectedthat treated sewage effluent using a double media reed constructed wetland with 300 mm zeolite layer could stably meet theKorean treated sewage effluent standard(20 mg T-N/L). Average removal efficiencies were SS 88.09%, BOD 88.12%, CODCr83.11%, CODMn 85.58%, T-N 57.21%, NH4+-N 80.17%, T-P 86.73%. Nearly, The concentration of NO3--N in the effluent of theVFCW was decreased in that of the HFCW. More than half of T-N in the effluent was NO3--N(7.92 ㎎/L) but theconcentration of NO2--N in the effluent was average 0.90 mg/L. The removal efficiencies of T-P were 93.24%, 86.30% and55.44% at the height of the oyster-shell-filled constructed wetland of 800 mm, 500 mm and 200 mm, respectively andtherefore, they were proportional to oyster-shell height filled in the HFCW.
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