주차장 비점오염원 관리를 위한 식생체류지 개발 및 평가
Development and Evaluation of Bioretention Treating Stormwater Runoff from a Parking Lot
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도시화에 따른 개발사업은 불투수층을 증가시키며, 강우시 비점오염물질의 유출량을 증가시킨다. 이러한 도시화에 의한 비점오염물질의 유출량을 저감하기 위하여 국내･외에서는 저영향개발(Low Impact Development, LID) 기법을 도입하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 LID를 이용하여 도시지역 비점오염원 관리를 위한 식생체류지를 개발하고자 수행되었다. 식생체류지의 효율 평가를 위하여 test-bed를 구축하였으며, 2013년 11월부터 현재까지 총 11회 모니터링이수행되었다. 유역면적 대비 식생체류지의 시설면적(SA/CA)이 약 2.2% 임에도 불구하고, 식생체류지 적용 이후 강우시 저류 및 침투량의 증가로 인하여 유출량이 크게 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 강우량 기준으로 유출량 저감을 살펴보면0 mm<R<10 mm의 강우량 범위에서는 전량 침투 및 저류 되었으며, 10 mm<R<20 mm의 강우량 발생시 90% 이상저류 되는 것으로 나타났다. 20 mm 이상의 강우량 발생시에는 70% 이상 저류 되는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 높은유출저감은 비점오염물질의 저감효율을 향상시켰으며, 입자상 물질, 유기물 및 중금속 등을 약 90% 이상 저감시키는것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
Urbanization increases the impervious cover, which affects the discharge of stormwater runoff and non-point source pollutants to the waterbodies. In order to improve the water quality and restore the aqua-ecosystem, the Ministry of Environment (MOE), Korea MOE introduced the Low Impact Development(LID) techniques on development projects. Therefore, research was performed to develop the bioretention technology for managing the stormwater runoff from urban areas. The test-bed was established on 2013 up to evaluate the performance of pollutant and runoff reduction. A total of 11 storm events have been monitored from November 2013 to present. Even though the SA/CA (surface area of bioretention/catchment area) is approximately 2.2%, the facility shows high pollutant and runoff reduction during storm events by increasing retention and infiltration capacities. The bioretention shows a 100% total runoff reduction at 0mm<R<10mm rainfall range and more than 90% of runoff reduction at a rainfall range of 10mm<R<20mm. Due to runoff volume reduction, more than 90% of nonpoint source pollutant were also removed by the bioretention.
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