본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

지표수문해석모형을 이용한 남북한 수문순환 비교 평가

Comparative Evaluation of Hydrological Cycle in South and North Korea using a Land Surface Model

0

조회

0

다운로드

1

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류기타자연과학

초록

북한에서는 1990년대 이후 경제실패로 인해 대규모의 산림파괴가 이루어 진 것으로 알려져 있으며, 이는 결과적으로 수문순환의 특성을 크게 변화시켰을 것으로 예측되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이를 확인하기 위해 지표수문해석모형인 VIC 모형을 이용하여 한반도 전역을 대상으로 1981년부터 2013년까지 약 30여년의 기간에 대해 수문순환모의를 수행하였다. 모의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 먼저, 유출률의 경우, 남한에서는 55%~70%, 북한에서는 38%~56% 정도인 것으로 나타났다. 특히 유출률 자체가 작음에도 불구하고 그 변동폭은 남한의 15% 보다 큰 28% 정도임에 주목할 필요가 있다. 증발산률은 북한이 남한보다 크게 나타났다. 즉, 남한에서는 증발산률이 20~35%, 북한에서는 25%~ 46%로 나타났다. 그러나 그 변동폭은 북한의 경우가 21%로 남한의 15%에 비해 다소 크게 나타났다. 셋째, 토양수분 량의 경우 남한의 평균이 34%, 북한의 평균은 27%로 남한이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 유출률과 증발산률의 모의 결과와는 달리 토양수분은 전 기간에 걸쳐 남한과 북한이 변동성 차이가 8% 내외로 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 이상과 같은 결과를 통해 특히 북한의 산림파괴가 본격적으로 이루어진 1990년대 이후 남한과 북한의 수문순환 특성의 차이가 확대되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 남한의 경우에는 유역별 수문순환 특성의 차이가 미미한데 비해, 북한의 경우에는 확연히 다른 차이를 보여주고 있는데, 이 역시 산림파괴의 영향 차이가 반영된 결과로 추측된다.

Abstract

It is known that large-scale deforestation has occurred in North Korea due to economic failures since the 1990s, and this is expected to greatly change the characteristics of the hydrological cycle. In this study, hydrological cycle simulation was carried out for the period of about 30 years from 1981 to 2013 for the entire Korean peninsula using the VIC model, a land surface hydrology model. The simulation results are summarized as follow. First, the runoff ratio is 55%~70% in South Korea and 38~56% in North Korea. In particular, it is worth noting that despite the small runoff ratio, the variation is about 28% larger than the South Korea's 15%. The rate of evapotranspiration was larger than that of South Korea. That is, the rate of evapotranspiration in South Korea is 20~35% and in North Korea it is 25~46%. However, the rate of change was 21% in the case of North Korea and slightly larger than 15% in South Korea. Third, South Korea has an average of 34% in soil moisture and 27% in North Korea. However, unlike the simulated results of the runoff ratio and the evapotranspiration rate, the difference in the variation of soil moisture in South Korea and North Korea over the entire period was similar with 8%. As a result, we can confirm that the difference of hydrological cycle characteristics between South Korea and North Korea has been increased since the 1990s, when the forest destruction of North Korea became serious. In the case of South Korea, there is little difference in the hydrological cycle characteristics. In North Korea, however, there is a distinct difference, which is also a result reflecting the difference in the effects of forest destruction.

참고문헌 (33)

  1. Ahn, JH, "North Korea's Water Resources Status and Water Supply and Demand Forecast (1) -Hydrological Characteristics and Water Usage in North Korea's River Basin", J. of Korea Water Resources Association Special Issue: Water and Future, 43(4), pp.17~26 (2010)
  2. Ahn, JH, "North Korea's Water Resources Status and Water Supply and Demand Forecast (2) -Prospects for Supply and Distribution of Water in North Korea", J. of Korea Water Resources Association Special Issue: Water and Future, 43(5), pp.56~64 (2010)
  3. 안종서, "남북공유하천 북한강의 물이용 문제점 및 수리권 추정(II) -하류유역 수리권 추정", 한국수자원학회 논문집, 44(4), pp.315~325 (2011), 한국수자원학회
  4. Al‐Shrafany, D, "Comparative assessment of soil moisture estimation from land surface model and satellite remote sensing based on catchment water balance", Meteorological Applications, 21(3), pp.521~534 (2014)
  5. Blondin, C, "Parameterization of land-surface processes in numerical weather prediction. In Land Surface Evaporation", pp.31~54 (1991), Springer New York
  6. Bonan, GB, "The Land Surface Climatology of the NCAR Land Surface Model Coupled to the NCAR Community Climate Model", J. of Climate, 11(6), pp.1307~1326 (1998)
  7. Brooks, RH, "Hydraulic properties of porous media and their relation to drainage design", Transactions of the ASAE, 7(1), pp.26~28 (1964)
  8. Ducoudré, NI, "SECHIBA, a new set of parameterizations of the hydrologic exchanges at the land-atmosphere interface within the LMD atmospheric general circulation model", J. of Climate, 6(2), pp.248~273 (1993)
  9. Fan, Y, "Climate Prediction Center global monthly soil moisture data set at 0.5 resolution for 1948 to present", J. of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 109(D10) (2004)
  10. Franchini, M, "Comparative analysis of several conceptual rainfall-runoff models", J. of Hydrology, 122(1-4), pp.161~219 (1991)
  11. 곽창재, "돌발홍수 지수를 이용한 북한 홍수 위험도 평가 - 임진강 유역을 중심으로 -", 한국수자원학회 논문집, 48(12), pp.1037~1049 (2015), 한국수자원학회
  12. Imjin River Watershed Investigation Report, "K-Water", K-Water, ~ (1995)
  13. Investigation Report on Water Supply Status in North Korea, "K-Water", K-Water, ~ (2005)
  14. Lee, GM, "Water Resources in North Korea and Suggestions for Mutual Cooperation", J. of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers, 60(3), pp.17~24 (2012)
  15. Lee, KS, "Content and Characteristics of Forest Cover Changes in North Korea", J. of Korean Forestry Society, 99(3), pp.352~363 (1999)
  16. Lee, SH, "Situation of Degraded Forest Land in DPRK and Strategies for Forestry Cooperation between South and North Korea", J. of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 38(3), pp.101~113 (2004)
  17. Lee, YJ, "North and South Korea Climate Change Cooperation Policy", 9(4), pp.73~93 (2007), Gyeonggi Research Institute
  18. Water and Environment Management Initiative in North Korea, "Lee, YW", Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements, 15~23, pp.Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements, 195 (1998)
  19. Li, H, "A physically based runoff routing model for land surface and earth system models", J. of Hydrometeorology, 14(3), pp.808~828 (2013)
  20. Liang, X, "A simple hydrologically based model of land surface water and energy fluxes for general circulation models", J. of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 99(D7), pp.14415~14428 (1994)
  21. Michell, AR, "Economic Integration of the Korean Peninsula" (1998), Institute for International Economics
  22. Estimation of North Korea's vulnerability to natural disasters and research on inter-Korean cooperation, "Myeong, SJ", Korea Environment Institute, 1~203 (2008)
  23. Oki, T, "Global Hydrological Cycles and World Water Resources", Science, 313(5790), pp.1068~1072 (2006)
  24. 박경석, "1990년대 경제난 이후 북한 산림관리 변화 연구", 통일문제연구, 21(1), pp.459~492 (2009), 평화문제연구소
  25. Qian, T, "Simulation of Global Land Surface Conditions from 1948to 2004. Part I: Forcing Data and Evaluations", J. of Hydrometeorology, 7(5), pp.953~975 (2006)
  26. Sheffield, J, "Global Trends and Variability in Soil Moisture and Drought Characteristics, 1950-2000, from Observation-Driven Simulations of the Terrestrial Hydrologic Cycle", J. of Climate, 21(3), pp.432~458 (2008)
  27. Shukla, S., "Use of a standardized runoff index for characterizing hydrologic drought", Geophysical research letters, 35(2) (2008)
  28. 손경환, "지표수문해석모형을 활용한 동아시아 유출해석 및 평가", 한국수자원학회 논문집, 45(2), pp.165~178 (2012), 한국수자원학회
  29. DPR Korea Needs and Priorities, "UN", United Nations and Partners, ~ (2016)
  30. WMO Provisional Statement on the Status of the Global Climate in 2016, "UN", ~ (2016)
  31. Wang, GQ, "Assessing water resources in China using PRECIS projections and a VIC model", Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 16(1), pp.231~240 (2012)
  32. Xie, Z., "Regional parameter estimation of the VIC land surface model: Methodology and application to river basins in China", J. of Hydrometeorolog, 8(3), pp.447~468 (2007)
  33. 유철상, "유역단위의 토사발생 모의를 위한 식생뿌리깊이의 정량화", 한국방재학회논문집, 15(2), pp.301~311 (2015), 한국방재학회

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (17건)